Disclosed herein are an X-ray imaging apparatus and a method for generating a stereoscopic image by using the apparatus. The stereoscopic image generation method includes emitting first X-rays toward a target object at a first emission angle, detecting the first X-rays which have propagated through the target object in order to acquire a first X-ray image, emitting second X-rays toward the target object at a second emission angle which is different from the first emission angle, detecting the second X-rays which have propagated through the target object in order to acquire at least a second X-ray image, and generating a stereoscopic image based on the first X-ray image and the at least second X-ray image.
