The present invention relates to an X-ray inspection device for battery inspection and a battery inspection method thereby, the X-ray inspection device for battery inspection comprising: a conveyor module (10) having objects being inspected continuously and sequentially transferred thereon; an inspection module (20) transferring the objects being inspected that were transferred from the conveyor module (10) to an inspection location by means of a transmission module having a mutually-connected rotation table structure; a discharge module (30) discharging the objects being inspected that were inspected on the inspection module (20) onto different paths from each other according to the inspection results; and a guide unit (28) guiding the objects being inspected so as to be transferred to rotary units (21, 22) which form the rotation table structure and which are different from each other, wherein the rotation table structure has engaging fixing blocks (211, 212) that may continuously engage with each other so
