Compounds and oral pharmaceutical compositions which neutralize microbially-produced electrophilic carbonyl species, comprising:a non-absorbable compound containing one or more nitrogen nucleophiles having a first pKa between 5 and 10, and a molecular weight less than 800,wherein said non-absorbable compound reacts locally in the gastrointestinal tract and combines with microbially-produced electrophilic carbonyl species by C-N bond formation, thereby protecting gastrointestinal peptide hormones containing arginine or lysine residues, andalsopreventing diffusion of said electrophilic species into systemic circulation where they may cause damage to proteins, DNA or RNA that adversely affects health； and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.本發明係關於化合物及口服醫藥組成物，其等中和微生物產生之親電子羰基物種，該等化合物及口服醫藥組成物包含：非可吸收性化合物，其含有一或多個氮親核基，具有在5與10之間的第一pKa，及小於800的分子量，其中該非可吸收性化合物在胃腸道中局部反應且藉由C-N鍵形成與微生物產生之親電子羰基物種結合，由此保護含有精胺酸或離胺酸殘基之胃腸肽激素，且亦阻止該等親電子物種擴散至全身循環中，在全身循環中該等親電子物種可造成對健康產生不利影響之對蛋白質、DNA或RNA之破壞；及醫藥學上可接受之載劑或賦形劑。
