Compositions and methods for treating a subject for a substance-abuse related disease or disorder are disclosed. The substance-abuse related disease or disorder can be an alcohol-related, an opioid-related, a cocaine-related, an amphetamine-related, a marijuana related, hallucinogen-related, barbiturate-related, benzodiazepine-related, or VOC-related disease or disorder. The composition for treating the substance-abuse related disease or disorder can be selected from a microbiota transplant, a particular diet or diet ingredient, a probiotic, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the composition can be a fecal transplant. The fecal transplant can be administered in a therapeutically effective amount to increase the amount of gastrointestinal microbiota when consumed by the subject. The methods described herein can further include administering a therapeutic agent in combination with the composition that modulates the gut microbiota.
