An X-ray phase contrast imaging system (100) includes an X-ray source (1), a detector (5), a plurality of gratings including a first grating (3) and a second grating (4), and a grating positional displacement acquisition unit (6) configured to obtain a positional displacement of the grating based on a Fourier transform image (14) obtained by Fourier transforming an interference fringe image (13) detected by the detector.