The present invention relates to a method for producing membrane vesicles from extracellular vesicles or organelles and therapeutic membrane vesicles produced by such method. The invention further relates to therapeutic membrane vesicles, a method of treating a metabolic disorder by using such vesicles and such vesicles for use in therapy, such as in treatment of a metabolic disorder. The invention further relates to a method of producing a membrane vesicle from an organelle. In addition, the present invention relates to a method of separating a sub-population of extracellular vesicles from an extracellular vesicle bulk.
