The present invention provides methods of treating a subject having a primary inflammatory disease or disorder comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising a conjugate of an LLP2A peptidomimetic ligand and a bisphosphonate drug wherein the composition comprising the LLP2A bisphosphonate conjugate enhances the delivery of mesenchymal stem cells to a site of inflammation. Methods of enhancing an anti inflammatory or immunomodulatory property of mesenchymal stem cells comprising administering to a subject in need thereof the mesenchymal stem cells and a composition comprising a conjugate of an LLP2A peptidomimetic ligand and a bisphosphonate drug are also provided.
