The present invention provides methods of treating a subject having a primary inflammatory disease or disorder comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising a conjugate of an LLP2A peptidomimetic ligand and a bisphosphonate drug, wherein the composition comprising the LLP2A-bisphosphonate conjugate enhances the delivery of mesenchymal stem cells to a site of inflammation. Methods of enhancing an anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory property of mesenchymal stem cells, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof the mesenchymal stem cells and a composition comprising a conjugate of an LLP2A peptidomimetic ligand and a bisphosphonate drug, are also provided.
