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[学术文献 ] A review on basic theory and technology of agricultural energy internet 进入全文
IET RENEWABLE POWER GENERATION;
In the context of modern agricultural production mode and domestic energy consumption, profound changes have taken place in agricultural and rural energy consumption, resulting in the demand for new technology development in various sectors of source, network, and load in rural energy systems. Agricultural energy internet (AEI) has promoted the development of renewable energy and agricultural electrification in villages. The construction of the AEI is crucial for achieving the synergistic development of agriculture, energy, and environment. The basic theory and key technologies of AEI are investigated and the prospects for the direction of agricultural energy technology are conducted. The research investigation shows that the AEI framework proposed by China Agricultural University is of great significance for realizing agricultural electrification and reducing agricultural carbon emissions. The article describes in detail the key data and characteristics of agricultural electrification loads. Digital twin technology and virtual power plant technology will be crucial to the construction of advanced AEI.
[学术文献 ] Key technologies and applications of agricultural energy Internet for agricultural planting and fisheries industry 进入全文
INFORMATION PROCESSING IN AGRICULTURE
Energy consumption in the agricultural sector is significant, reaching 20% of the total energy consumption in China. Agricultural Energy Internet, an important extension of Energy Internet in the agricultural field, significantly contributes to agricultural modernization. Key technologies of Agricultural Energy Internet are vital factors supporting its development. This article systematically reviews the key technologies of Agricultural Energy Internet for two areas: agriculture and fishery. The working mechanisms and power consumption characteristics of some state-of-the-art new-energy agricultural intelligent equipment are described. In addition, the principles and profit methods underlying the agro-industrial complementary operation model are introduced. Moreover, against the Agricultural Energy Internet background, the development trends of some state-of-the-art new energy agricultural intelligent equipment, agro-industrial complementary, and carbon–neutral technology are proposed in this paper, providing novel perspectives on the promotion of the development of Agricultural Energy Internet and related technological innovation research. An unmanned farm is the main form of the future agricultural system, which is powered by the Agricultural Energy Internet based on smart agriculture and a smart grid. It will become the inevitable trend of modern agriculture to replace oil agriculture with electric farms. The electricity in farming is mainly generated by renewable energy. Renewable energy power generation has low carbon emissions and is the future direction for the development of agricultural energy systems. In addition, the Internet of Things will be further strengthened to realize automation and intelligence of agricultural energy systems.
[学术文献 ] 设施农业智能机器人导航关键技术研究进展与展望 进入全文
智慧农业(中英文);Smart Agriculture;
[目的/意义]随着科学技术的快速发展和劳动力成本的不断提高,机器人在设施农业领域的应用越来越广泛。设施环境复杂多样,如何让机器人实现稳定、精准、快速的导航仍然是当前需要解决的问题。[进展]本文基于设施农业智能机器人的自动导航关键技术展开综述。在自主定位与地图构建方面,详细介绍了信标定位、惯性定位、即时定位与建图技术,以及融合定位方法。其中,依据使用的传感器不同,即时定位与建图技术可进一步划分为视觉、激光和融合三种不同类型。在全局路径规划方面,探讨了点到点局部路径规划和全局遍历路径规划在设施农业中的应用。针对规划目标数量的不同,详细介绍了单目标路径规划和多目标路径规划。此外,在机器人的自动避障技术方面,讨论了一系列设施农业中常用的避障控制算法。[结论/展望]总结了当前设施农业智能机器人自动导航技术面临的挑战,包括复杂环境、遮挡严重、成本高、作业效率低、缺乏标准化平台和公开数据集等问题。未来研究应重点关注多传感器融合、先进算法优化、多机器人协同作业,以及数据标准化与共享平台的建设。这些方向将有助于提升机器人在设施农业中的导航精度、效率和适应性,为智能农业的发展提供参考和建议。
[学术文献 ] Classification, Advanced Technologies, and Typical Applications of End-Effector for Fruit and Vegetable Picking Robots 进入全文
Agriculture
水果和蔬菜收获机器人是农业4.0的重要补充,因为它们正在逐渐取代人工从事具有挑战性的活动。为了准确高效地完成采摘过程,采摘机器人的末端执行器应该是第一个与作物密切接触的部分。末端执行器的设计和性能要求受到果蔬品种和非结构化环境复杂性的影响。本文总结了果蔬采摘机器人末端执行器的最新研究现状。根据末端执行器的结构原理和用途,分析了末端执行器的特点和功能,将末端执行器分为夹紧型、吸气型、吸持型和包络型。讨论了末端执行器结构设计、附加传感器、新材料和人工智能等先进技术的发展和应用。介绍了末端执行器在不同种类果蔬采摘中的典型应用,给出了不同末端执行器的优缺点及性能指标,并进行了比较分析。最后,分析了采摘机器人末端执行器面临的挑战和未来发展趋势。本研究为设计和选择适合不同种类果蔬作物的末端执行器提供了有价值的指导。
[学术文献 ] 面向作物干旱胁迫诊断的表型成像技术研究进展 进入全文
农业工程学报
干旱胁迫是影响作物产量和农业可持续发展的重要因素。作物干旱胁迫的精准诊断是提高农业水资源利用率、推动高水效农业发展的重要基础。表型成像技术能够快速、无损、准确地获取和分析作物的表型特征,为作物干旱胁迫的精准诊断提供了有力支持。该文重点综述了作物干旱胁迫诊断的表型成像技术,首先介绍了RGB成像、三维成像、近红外成像、高光谱成像、叶绿素荧光成像和热成像6种主流表型成像技术的原理、研究现状、优势及不足,然后总结了结合多种成像方法的融合成像技术的研究现状及应用优势。综述结果表明,单一成像方法存在诸多不足,如成本较高、数据处理复杂、获取表型类型单一等,融合成像技术可在一定程度上有效弥补单一成像技术缺陷。最后根据当前发展现状,从新装置、新设备的研发以及与人工智能新算法的结合两方面,对未来面向作物干旱胁迫诊断的表型成像技术研究进行展望。
[学术文献 ] 作物农艺性状与形态结构表型智能识别技术综述 进入全文
《智慧农业(中英文)》;Smart Agriculture;
[目的/意义] 作物农艺性状与形态结构表型智能识别是作物智慧育种的主要内容,是研究“基因型—环境型—表型”相互作用关系的基础,对现代作物育种具有重要意义。[进展] 大规模、高通量作物表型获取设备是作物表型获取、分析、测量、识别等的基础和重要手段。本文介绍了高通量作物表型主流平台和感知成像设备的功能、性能以及应用场景。分析了作物株高获取、作物器官检测与技术等农艺性状智能识别和作物株型识别、作物形态信息测量以及作物三维重建等形态结构智能识别技术的研究进展及挑战。[结论/展望]从研制新型低成本田间智能作物表型获取与分析装备、提升作物表型获取田间环境的标准化与一致性水平、强化田间作物表型智能识别模型的通用性,研究多视角、多模态、多点连续分析与时空特征融合的作物表型识别方法,以及提高模型解释性等方面,展望了作物表型技术主要发展方向。