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[学术文献 ] 黑龙江省耕地非农化的空间格局演变特征研究 进入全文
湖南师范大学自然科学学报
以我国粮食主产区黑龙江省为研究区，确定耕地非农化的时空分异特征，从耕地非农化水平空间和垂直空间两个方面确定耕地非农化的空间演变特征。以黑龙江省1980年、1990年、1995年、2000年、2005年、2010年、2015年和2020年8期土地利用数据为基础，提取耕地非农化信息，综合利用GIS空间分析、标准差椭圆分析、热点分析、DEM高程分级确定耕地非农化的空间演变特征。黑龙江省1980—2020年间，耕地非农化用地数量呈波动增加趋势，各时期耕地非农化的空间聚集位置具有明显空间特征，集中分布地区总体轮廓呈西—东分布格局；耕地非农化以西南部为热点区域，东部为冷点区域，2010—2015年形成了以“哈—大—齐”为主要热点区域的空间分布格局；在垂直空间上，黑龙江省耕地非农化随着高程、坡度的增加而减少。耕地非农化过程受自然、经济因素的影响发生变化，2010—2020年为黑龙江省耕地非农化过程的重要时期。研究成果对合理利用和保护耕地资源具有重要意义，为保障国家粮食安全起到积极作用，在一定程度上可以为耕地保护和优化耕地布局提供决策参考。
[学术文献 ] “蒙古国生态安全构想”与中蒙生态安全合作 进入全文
学习与探索
蒙古国的生态安全，特别是跨境地区的生态安全形势尤为严峻，对中蒙经贸合作产生了重要影响。在中蒙发展战略对接中将生态安全保护、生态环境合作作为重要项目实施具有重大的战略意义。当前，“蒙古国生态安全构想”主要涉及设置禁止矿业开采的区域、制定减少环境污染的政策以及发展清洁能源产业等内容，虽然提高了我国对蒙古国特别是矿业投资合作的复杂程度和制度成本，但从长远来看这些规定有利于蒙古国的生态保护、生态恢复，也有利于我国在蒙古国矿业投资的可持续发展及绿色产业合作。因此，中蒙两国应联手在草原生态保护、防沙治沙、水资源保护、矿业生态环保和绿色产业上共同发力，不断推进合作。
[学术文献 ] Ecosystem Services’ Assessment of the Desertification Areas of Mongolia 进入全文
Earth Systems and Environment
Generally, areas affected by natural desertification remain virtually untouched by economic activities. However, they can provide numerous ecosystem services (ES) with significant societal benefits. This is especially important for Mongolia, where desertification processes have intensified considerably over the years. This article presents the results of an integrated spatial environmental and economic assessment and mapping of ES for various types of natural resources. We conducted the assessments in the model areas of Mongolia (Bulgan, Orkhon, Darkhan-Uul, Dundgovi, and Umnugovi aimags). To value the eight types of ES, we used the following methods: market price-based evaluation, indirect valuation methods (sociological surveys), a travel cost method, InVEST software, and others. Official statistical data and field survey data were used in calculations. According to our results, the areas, affected by desertification are significant in terms of ES they could provide. We estimated the total economic value of the ES of the model areas of Mongolia at 1885 million USD in 2019. Further research will entail improved methodological approaches.
[学术文献 ] A framework for multi-sensor satellite data to evaluate crop production losses: the case study of 2022 Pakistan floods 进入全文
Scientific Reports
In August 2022, one of the most severe floods in the history of Pakistan was triggered due to the exceptionally high monsoon rainfall. It has affected ~ 33 million people across the country. The agricultural losses in the most productive Indus plains aggravated the risk of food insecurity in the country. As part of the loss and damage (L&D) assessment methodologies, we developed an approach for evaluating crop-specific post-disaster production losses based on multi-sensor satellite data. An integrated assessment was performed using various indicators derived from pre- and post-flood images of Sentinel-1 (flood extent mapping), Sentinel-2 (crop cover), and GPM (rainfall intensity measurements) to evaluate crop-specific losses. The results showed that 2.5 million ha (18% of Sindh’s total area) was inundated out of which 1.1 million ha was cropland. The remainder of crop damage came from the extreme rainfall downpour, flash floods and management deficiencies. Thus approximately 57% (2.8 million ha) of the cropland was affected out of the 4.9 million ha of agricultural area in Sindh. The analysis indicated expected production losses of 88% (3.1 million bales), 80% (1.8 million tons), and 61% (10.5 million tons) for cotton, rice, and sugarcane. This assessment provided useful tools to evaluate the L&D of agricultural production and to develop evidence-based policies enabling post-flood recovery, rehabilitation of people and restoration of livelihood.
[前沿资讯 ] InnerPlant and Satellogic to launch first-ever device for detecting human-made crop signals from space 进入全文
SeedQuest
InnerPlant, the company creating a new category of seed technology that unlocks data and makes global farming more efficient and sustainable, and Satellogic Inc. (NASDAQ: SATL), a leader in sub-meter resolution Earth Observation (“EO”) data collection, today announced a collaboration to launch a first-of-its-kind device designed to detect human-engineered crop signals from space. The announcement was made on the opening day of the World AgriTech Innovation Summit. The specially designed imaging instrument is scheduled to be mounted to a Satellogic satellite and is intended to detect optical signals emitted by crops engineered by InnerPlant to fluoresce in response to stress such as an attack from pathogens or a lack of water or nutrients. Drone-based aerial testing is expected to start in the next few months with the launch of the instrument aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket anticipated in Q4 2023. The successful deployment of the satellite would mark the first time in history that a signal from a human-engineered organism is detected from orbit.
[学术文献 ] Global water resources and the role of groundwater in a resilient water future 进入全文
Nature Reviews Earth & Environment
Water is a critical resource, but ensuring its availability faces challenges from climate extremes and human intervention. In this Review, we evaluate the current and historical evolution of water resources, considering surface water and groundwater as a single, interconnected resource. Total water storage trends have varied across regions over the past century. Satellite data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) show declining, stable and rising trends in total water storage over the past two decades in various regions globally. Groundwater monitoring provides longer-term context over the past century, showing rising water storage in northwest India, central Pakistan and the northwest United States, and declining water storage in the US High Plains and Central Valley. Climate variability causes some changes in water storage, but human intervention, particularly irrigation, is a major driver. Water-resource resilience can be increased by diversifying management strategies. These approaches include green solutions, such as forest and wetland preservation, and grey solutions, such as increasing supplies (desalination, wastewater reuse), enhancing storage in surface reservoirs and depleted aquifers, and transporting water. A diverse portfolio of these solutions, in tandem with managing groundwater and surface water as a single resource, can address human and ecosystem needs while building a resilient water system.
