Modernizing Energy Services for the Poor : A World Bank Investment Review, Fiscal 2000-08

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作者：

Barnes, Douglas F.

来源地址：

http://hdl.handle.net/10986/27705

关键词：

ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY;  ACCESS TO ENERGY;  ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY;  AGGREGATE LEVEL;  AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES;  AIR;  AIR POLLUTION;  APPROACH;  ATMOSPHERE;  AVAILABILITY;  BIOFUELS;  BIOGAS;  BIOMASS;  BIOMASS ENERGY;  BIOMASS ENERGY USE;  BIOMASS FUELS;  BIOMASS USE;  BLACK CARBON;  CALORIFIC VALUE;  CAPACITY BUILDING;  CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT;  CARBON;  CHARCOAL;  CHARCOAL PRODUCTION;  CLEAN ENERGY;  CLEAN FUELS;  CLIMATE;  CLIMATE CHANGE;  COAL;  COLORS;  COMBUSTION;  COMMUNITY ENERGY;  CONCENTRATES;  CONVENTIONAL ENERGY;  COOKING;  COOKING FUELS;  COOLING;  COOLING SYSTEMS;  CROP RESIDUES;  DEFORESTATION;  DELIVERY OF ENERGY;  DELIVERY OF ENERGY SERVICES;  DEMAND FOR ELECTRICITY;  DEMAND FOR ENERGY;  DIESEL;  DISTRIBUTION NETWORK;  DISTRICT HEATING;  ECOSYSTEM;  EDC;  EFFICIENT USE;  ELECTRICITY;  ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION;  ELECTRIFICATION;  EMPLOYMENT;  END-USE TECHNOLOGIES;  ENERGY ACCESS;  ENERGY COMPANIES;  ENERGY CONSUMPTION;  ENERGY CRISIS;  ENERGY CROPS;  ENERGY DEMAND;  ENERGY DEVELOPMENT;  ENERGY EFFICIENCY;  ENERGY EFFICIENCY INVESTMENTS;  ENERGY EXPENDITURE;  ENERGY INVESTMENT;  ENERGY INVESTMENTS;  ENERGY NEEDS;  ENERGY POLICIES;  ENERGY POLICY;  ENERGY PRICE;  ENERGY PRICES;  ENERGY PROBLEMS;  ENERGY PROGRAMS;  ENERGY PROJECTS;  ENERGY PROVIDERS;  ENERGY REQUIREMENT;  ENERGY SECTOR;  ENERGY SECTOR INVESTMENTS;  ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE;  ENERGY SERVICE;  ENERGY SERVICES;  ENERGY SOURCE;  ENERGY SOURCES;  ENERGY SUPPLIES;  ENERGY SUPPLY;  ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS;  ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES;  ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS;  ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY;  FORESTS;  FUEL;  FUEL SUBSTITUTION;  FUELS;  FUELWOOD;  GAS;  GENERATION;  GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT;  GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY;  GLOBAL WARMING;  GRID;  GRID ELECTRICITY;  GRID ELECTRIFICATION;  GRID EXPANSION;  GRID EXTENSION;  GRID SYSTEMS;  GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT;  HEAT;  HEATING FUELS;  HIGH OIL PRICES;  HOT WATER;  HOUSEHOLD ENERGY;  HYDROPOWER;  IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY;  INDOOR AIR POLLUTION;  INVESTMENT IN ENERGY EFFICIENCY;  INVESTMENTS IN ENERGY;  KEROSENE;  KEROSENE LAMPS;  KEROSENE WICK;  KILOWATT HOUR;  KILOWATT-HOUR;  LIGHTING;  LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS;  LOCAL ENVIRONMENT;  METHANE;  MODERN FUELS;  NATURAL GAS;  NATURAL RESOURCES;  NEGATIVE IMPACT;  OIL;  OIL EQUIVALENT;  OIL PRICES;  PETROLEUM;  PETROLEUM GAS;  PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS;  POLLUTION;  POWER;  POWER COMPANY;  POWER PLANT;  PROMOTION OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY;  QUALITY ENERGY;  QUALITY OF ENERGY;  RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY;  RENEWABLE ENERGY;  RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES;  RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS;  RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY;  RESIDENTIAL ELECTRICITY;  RURAL ELECTRIC;  RURAL ELECTRIFICATION;  RURAL ENERGY;  SLUMS;  SMOKE;  SOLAR HOME SYSTEM;  SOLAR HOME SYSTEMS;  SOLID FUELS;  SUSTAINABLE ENERGY;  TARGETED SUBSIDIES;  TRADITIONAL BIOMASS;  TRADITIONAL FUELS;  TYPES OF ENERGY;  URBAN AREAS;  URBAN CENTERS;  URBAN ENERGY;  URBAN POOR;  URBAN POVERTY;  UTILITIES;  VALUE OF ENERGY;  VOLATILE ENERGY;  VOLATILE ENERGY PRICES;  Report; 

年份：

2010

出版地：

Washington,USA

语种：

English

摘要：

The term energy access has various connotations to energy development specialists. For this review, we define energy access as relating both to physical proximity to energy infrastructure and to the policies and frameworks supporting the transition to better, reliable, and more efficient use of electricity and modern fuels. This viewpoint frames energy access as a development process sometimes referred to as the energy transition that starts with reliance on low-quality energy sources (straw, dung, candles) and finishes when high-quality energy sources, such as commercial fuels or electricity, are available. Access to these higher-quality energy sources allow for services (lighting, communication, cooling, pumping), which are not available at lower rungs of the energy ladder. This report focuses on the World Bank's portfolio of energy access-related projects approved during most of the past decade (FY2000-08). The objectives of the review were to compile an up-to-date data base on energy access-related assistance commitments and review current trends and patterns of energy access-related assistance. The authors also wanted to examine to the greatest extent possible the lessons that could be learned across regions, focusing on policy and project design recommendations. Finally, it was important to establish a solid methodology for measuring energy access in order to provide a baseline for future reviews of the investment portfolio. This study focuses on the World Bank's role in energy access investments for the period between fiscal years 2000 and 2008. Developing and transition countries face huge investments in energy access in order to meet their commitments to achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).