Innovative Approaches to Energy Access for the Urban Poor : Summaries of Best Practices from Case Studies in Four Countries

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作者：

Energy Sector Management Assistance Program

来源地址：

http://hdl.handle.net/10986/26510

关键词：

ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY;  ACCESS TO ENERGY;  ACCESS TO ENERGY SERVICES;  ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY;  ADVERSE EFFECTS;  AIR POLLUTANTS;  AIR POLLUTION;  APPROACH;  AVAILABILITY;  BARRIO;  BIOGAS;  BIOMASS;  CAPACITY BUILDING;  CITIES;  CITY AUTHORITIES;  CLEAN DRINKING WATER;  CLEAN FUELS;  CLEANER ENERGY;  CLEANER FUEL;  COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT;  COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT;  COMMUNITY MOBILIZATION;  COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS;  COMMUNITY OUTREACH;  COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION;  CONSERVATION;  COOK STOVES;  DEMAND FOR ENERGY;  DEMAND FOR ENERGY SERVICES;  DESCRIPTION;  DISTRIBUTION COMPANY;  DISTRIBUTION NETWORK;  DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM;  DWELLINGS;  ELECTRICITY;  ELECTRICITY BILLS;  ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION;  ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION;  ELECTRICITY GENERATION;  ELECTRICITY SUPPLY;  ELECTRIFICATION;  EMPLOYMENT;  ENERGY CHOICES;  ENERGY CONSUMPTION;  ENERGY COSTS;  ENERGY EFFICIENCY;  ENERGY NEEDS;  ENERGY PRACTICES;  ENERGY SERVICE;  ENERGY SERVICE PROVIDERS;  ENERGY USE;  ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH;  FUEL;  FUEL CONSUMPTION;  GAS DISTRIBUTION;  GASES;  GREENHOUSE;  GREENHOUSE GAS;  GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS;  HOMES;  HOUSEHOLD COOKING;  HOUSEHOLDS;  HOUSES;  HOUSING;  HUMAN WASTE;  HUMAN WASTES;  HUTS;  HYGIENE;  INCOME;  INDOOR AIR POLLUTION;  INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS;  INTERVENTION;  INTERVENTIONS;  KEROSENE;  LIGHTING;  LOW-INCOME HOUSEHOLDS;  LPG BOTTLES;  MANURE;  MODERN FUELS;  MUNICIPAL CORPORATION;  NATURAL GAS;  NATURAL GAS RESOURCES;  NEIGHBORHOODS;  OIL;  PETROLEUM;  PETROLEUM GAS;  POOR URBAN AREAS;  POWER;  PUBLIC SAFETY;  SANITATION FACILITIES;  SANITATION SERVICES;  SELF HELP;  SELF-HELP;  SLUM;  SLUM AREAS;  SLUM DWELLERS;  SLUMS;  SOLID WASTE;  SPACE HEATING;  SQUATTER;  SUBURBS;  SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT;  TARGETED SUBSIDIES;  URBAN AREAS;  URBAN COMMUNITIES;  URBAN HOUSEHOLDS;  URBAN POOR;  URBAN POPULATION;  URBAN POPULATIONS;  URBAN SETTLEMENTS;  UTILITIES;  UTILITY COMPANY;  Report; 

年份：

2012

出版地：

Washington,USA

语种：

English

摘要：

Rapid urban growth in developing countries has created an unprecedented demand for energy services. Cities face the enormous challenge of improving energy access to urban communities in order to improve education, health, and basic socioeconomic conditions. South Asia and Sub- Saharan Africa have the fastest growing urban populations in the world projected to grow by 50 percent by 2025. This will put tremendous pressure on cities in these regions as they work to provide basic services, including energy services, to underserved areas. While there is widespread understanding of the critical role energy access plays in sustainable development, there is still a lack of policies targeted at growing urban poor populations. The objective of these case studies is to share lessons learned in successful energy access initiatives and to provide a point of reference for energy practitioners. The case studies identify barriers to energy access that are unique to the urban poor, innovative approaches to finding solutions, and the roles of communities, service providers, and governments in successfully providing access to legal modern energy services. Eight case studies focused on electrification and clean fuels were selected from India, Bangladesh, Colombia, and Brazil all countries that have had varying success in providing access to modern energy services for slum dwellers. The cases selected highlight several common barriers facing the urban poor in achieving access to safer, cleaner, and legal sources of energy. They also outline the innovative approaches adopted by all stakeholders. This study demonstrates several common barriers and highlights diverse ways to overcome them. It shows that success depends on several enabling factors working together, such as stakeholder collaboration and community empowerment. Sustainable initiatives that have the potential to be replicated in other urban poor communities depend on the continued commitment of stakeholders, and the presence of strong financial and institutional mechanisms.