Sustainable Land Management for Mitigation of and Adaptation to Climate Change

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作者：

World Bank

来源地址：

http://hdl.handle.net/10986/27491

关键词：

ACACIA;  ACIDIFICATION;  ACIDITY;  ADVERSE IMPACTS;  AEROSOL PARTICLES;  AEROSOLS;  AFFORESTATION;  AGRICULTURAL LAND;  AGRICULTURAL LAND USE;  AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION;  AGRICULTURE;  AGROFORESTRY;  AIR;  AIR QUALITY;  AIR TEMPERATURE;  ALBEDO;  AMBIENT TEMPERATURE;  ANNUAL PRECIPITATION;  ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSION;  ARID AREAS;  ARID CONDITIONS;  ARID REGIONS;  ATMOSPHERE;  ATMOSPHERIC CARBON;  ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE;  ATMOSPHERIC CONCENTRATION;  BACTERIA;  BIODIVERSITY;  BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION;  BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES;  BIOMASS;  BIOMASS BURNING;  BIOSPHERE;  BTU;  C EMISSIONS;  CARBON BUDGET;  CARBON CAPTURE;  CARBON DIOXIDE;  CARBON MANAGEMENT;  CARBON SEQUESTRATION;  CASSAVA;  CEREALS;  CH4;  CLIMATE;  CLIMATE CHANGE;  CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION;  CLIMATES;  CLIMATIC CONDITIONS;  CO;  CO2;  COAL;  COAST;  COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS;  COMBUSTION;  COMPOSTING;  CONSERVATION;  COWPEAS;  CROP;  CROP HARVESTS;  CROP PRODUCTION;  CROP RESIDUE;  CROP YIELDS;  CROPLAND;  CROPPING;  CROPPING SYSTEMS;  CROPS;  CULTIVATED LAND;  CULTIVATION;  DEFORESTATION;  DEGRADED ECOSYSTEMS;  DEGRADED LAND;  DESERTIFICATION;  DIESEL;  DRAINAGE;  DRIP IRRIGATION;  DROUGHT;  DRY FORESTS;  DRY LAND;  DRY PERIODS;  DRY SEASONS;  ECONOMIC GROWTH;  ECOSYSTEM;  ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION;  EMISSIONS;  EMISSIONS OF METHANE;  ENERGY PRODUCTION;  EROSION;  EROSION CONTROL;  ETHANOL;  EVAPORATION;  FARM;  FARM INCOME;  FARMING;  FARMING SYSTEMS;  FERTILIZATION;  FERTILIZER;  FERTILIZER USE;  FLOODS;  FOOD GRAINS;  FOOD PRODUCTION;  FOOD SECURITY;  FOREST;  FOREST FLOOR;  FOREST LAND;  FOREST PLANTATIONS;  FOREST REGENERATION;  FOREST REGROWTH;  FOREST SOIL;  FOREST SUCCESSION;  FORESTRY;  FORESTS;  FOSSIL FUEL;  FOSSIL FUEL EMISSIONS;  FRESH WATER;  FUEL CONSUMPTION;  GAS;  GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS;  GHG;  GHGS;  GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE;  GLOBAL WARMING;  GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL;  GRAIN;  GRAIN CONSUMPTION;  GRAIN PRODUCTION;  GRASSES;  GRASSLANDS;  GRAZING;  GREENHOUSE;  GREENHOUSE EFFECT;  GREENHOUSE GASES;  GROUND WATER;  GROWING SEASON;  GWP;  HERBACEOUS VEGETATION;  HUMAN ACTIVITY;  IPCC;  LAND AREA;  LAND DEGRADATION;  LAND MANAGEMENT;  LAND PRODUCTIVITY;  LAND USE;  LAND USE CHANGE;  LAND USES;  LANDFILLS;  LEACHING;  MAIZE;  MANGROVE FORESTS;  MANGROVES;  MARSHES;  MEADOWS;  MICROBIAL ACTIVITY;  MILLET;  MINERALOGY;  MITIGATION;  MOISTURE CONTENT;  MULCH;  N2O;  NATIONAL PARKS;  NATIONAL SCALE;  NATURAL FORESTS;  NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT;  NATURAL RESOURCES;  NEGATIVE IMPACTS;  NITROGEN;  NITROUS OXIDE;  NO2;  NOX;  NUTRIENTS;  OCEANS;  OIL PALM;  ORGANIC CARBON;  ORGANIC MATTER;  PARTICLES;  PARTICULATE;  PASTURES;  PEAT;  PEAT SOILS;  PEST MANAGEMENT;  PESTICIDES;  PH;  PHOSPHORUS;  PHOTOSYNTHESIS;  PINE PLANTATIONS;  PLANTATION;  PLANTING;  PLOTS;  PLOWING;  POINT SOURCE;  POINT SOURCE POLLUTION;  POOR FARMERS;  POTASSIUM;  PRAIRIES;  PRECIPITATION;  PRECIPITATION PATTERNS;  PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENTS;  RADIATION;  RADIATION BUDGET;  RADIATIVE FORCING;  RAIN;  RAINFALL;  RANGES;  RATTAN;  RECYCLING;  REGIONAL CLIMATE;  RELATIVE HUMIDITY;  RESTORATION;  RICE;  RICE PADDIES;  RIPARIAN AREAS;  RIVER;  ROOT CROPS;  ROOT ZONE;  ROTATION CYCLE;  ROW CROPS;  RUNOFF;  SEDIMENT;  SHRUBS;  SILVER;  SINK;  SMOKE;  SOIL CARBON;  SOIL EROSION;  SOIL QUALITY;  SOILS;  SORGHUM;  SOYBEANS;  SPECIES;  SPECIES COMPOSITION;  STORMS;  STREAM;  SURFACE TEMPERATURE;  SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE;  SWEET POTATOES;  TEMPERATE FORESTS;  TEMPERATURE;  TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS;  TILLAGE;  TREE CROPS;  TREE PLANTATIONS;  TREE SPECIES;  TREES;  TROPICAL FOREST;  TROPICAL FOREST ECOSYSTEMS;  TROPICAL RAIN FOREST;  TROPICAL RAINFOREST;  TROPICS;  TUBERS;  VEGETATION;  WATER HARVESTING;  WATER QUALITY;  WATER RETENTION;  WATER RUNOFF;  WATER SCARCITY;  WATER TABLE;  WATERSHED;  WATERSHED MANAGEMENT;  WEEDS;  WETLANDS;  WHEAT;  WIND;  WMO;  WOOD PRODUCTS;  WOODY SPECIES;  Report; 

年份：

2010

出版地：

Washington,USA

语种：

English

摘要：

The climate change (CC) caused by increase in atmospheric concentration of CO2 and other Greenhouse Gases (GHGs), can be addressed through adaptation and mitigation strategies. Adaptation consists of strategies which minimize vulnerability to CC. The objective is to increase resilience of the ecosystems and communities through adoption of specific sustainable land management (SLM) techniques that have adaptive benefits. On the other hand, the goal of mitigation strategies is to enhance soil and vegetation (land) sinks for absorbing atmospheric CO2 and to minimize net emissions. In the context of the resource-poor and small landholders of the developing countries, adaptation to CC is essential. Adaptation strategies are needed to enhance the positive and reduce the negative effects of CC. Adaptation is also needed because complete mitigation of CC may never occur. The strategy is to adopt those SLM technologies which have both adaptation and mitigation impacts at multiple scales (household, community, and watershed, national, global). There are four major areas in the tropics and sub-tropics where adoption of SLM technologies can help to both adapt to and mitigate CC: (i) tropical forest ecosystems (TFEs), (ii) tropical savannah and rangeland ecosystems (TSREs), (iii) world cropland soils, and (iv) salinized and degraded/desertified lands. Nonetheless, adoption of SLM technologies in the temperate regions (North America, Europe, Australia, Japan) is also important to adapting to CC. However, this report focuses on SLM options for developing countries of the tropics and sub-tropics.