Republic of Iraq : Financial Sector Review

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作者：

Nasr, Sahar

来源地址：

http://hdl.handle.net/10986/23965

关键词：

ABSENCE OF CREDIT;  ACCESS TO CREDIT;  ACCESS TO FINANCE;  ACCOUNTABILITY;  ACCOUNTING;  ACCOUNTING STANDARDS;  ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS;  ADVANCED ECONOMIES;  ALM;  ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING;  ATM CARDS;  AUDITING;  BALANCE SHEET;  BALANCE SHEETS;  BANK ACCOUNT;  BANK ASSETS;  BANK CREDIT;  BANK CREDITS;  BANK FINANCING;  BANK GUARANTEES;  BANK LOAN;  BANKING INDUSTRY;  BANKING LAW;  BANKING LAWS;  BANKING SECTOR;  BANKING SUPERVISION;  BANKING SYSTEM;  BANKRUPTCY;  BANKS;  BOND MARKETS;  BORROWER;  BORROWING;  BROKER;  BUSINESS LENDING;  BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES;  CAPACITY BUILDING;  CAPITAL ADEQUACY;  CAPITAL ADEQUACY RATIOS;  CAPITAL INJECTION;  CAPITAL MARKET;  CAPITAL MARKETS;  CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS;  CAPITALIZATION;  CAR LOANS;  CASH FLOW;  CENTRAL BANK;  CENTRAL BANKS;  CLEARING HOUSE;  COLLATERAL;  COLLATERAL REQUIREMENTS;  COLLECTIVE INVESTMENT;  COMMERCIAL BANK;  CONSOLIDATION;  CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT;  CORRUPTION;  CREDIT BUREAUS;  CREDIT CARD;  CREDIT CARD ISSUERS;  CREDIT CARDS;  CREDIT CRUNCH;  CREDIT EXTENSION;  CREDIT RATING;  CREDIT RATING AGENCIES;  CREDIT REGISTRY;  CREDIT REPORTING;  CREDIT RISK;  CREDIT RISKS;  CREDITORS;  CREDITS;  CURRENCY EXCHANGE;  DEBT;  DEBT SECURITIES;  DEPOSIT;  DEPOSIT ACCOUNTS;  DEPOSIT MOBILIZATION;  DEPOSITORS;  DEPOSITS;  DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENTS;  ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES;  ECONOMIC ACTIVITY;  ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT;  ECONOMIC GROWTH;  ENTREPRENEURS;  EQUALITY;  EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY;  EQUITY MARKETS;  EXCHANGE COMMISSION;  EXCHANGE RATE;  FACTORING;  FINANCIAL ASSETS;  FINANCIAL CHALLENGES;  FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT;  FINANCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE;  FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS;  FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION;  FINANCIAL LEVERAGE;  FINANCIAL MARKET;  FINANCIAL MARKETS;  FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE;  FINANCIAL RATIOS;  FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY;  FINANCIAL RESTRUCTURING;  FINANCIAL SECTOR REFORM;  FINANCIAL SECURITIES;  FINANCIAL SERVICES;  FINANCIAL STRENGTH;  FINANCIAL SYSTEM;  FINANCIAL SYSTEMS;  FINANCING OF ENTERPRISES;  FIXED DEPOSITS;  FOREIGN ASSETS;  FOREIGN BANKS;  FOREIGN CURRENCY;  FOREIGN DONORS;  FOREIGN EXCHANGE;  FUNDING SOURCE;  GOOD BANKS;  GOVERNMENT SECURITIES;  HOUSEHOLDS;  HOUSING;  HOUSING FINANCE;  HUMAN RESOURCES;  ID;  INFLATION;  INFLATION RATES;  INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY;  INSURANCE;  INSURANCE SERVICES;  INTEREST INCOME;  INTEREST RATE;  INTEREST RATES;  INTERNATIONAL BANK;  INTERNATIONAL RESERVES;  INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS;  ISLAMIC BANK;  ISLAMIC BANKING;  ISLAMIC BANKS;  ISLAMIC FINANCIAL SERVICES;  KEY CHALLENGES;  LEGAL FRAMEWORK;  LEGISLATION;  LENDING DECISIONS;  LEVEL PLAYING FIELD;  LIABILITY;  LIABILITY MANAGEMENT;  LIQUIDITY RISKS;  LOAN;  LOAN AMOUNTS;  LOAN STRUCTURE;  LONG TERM ASSETS;  LONG TERM LIABILITIES;  MACROECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT;  MACROECONOMIC STABILITY;  MARKET CAPITALIZATION;  MARKET DEVELOPMENT;  MARKET VALUE;  MICRO FINANCE;  MICRO FINANCE INSTITUTION;  MICRO FINANCE INSTITUTIONS;  MICRO-FINANCE;  MICRO-FINANCE INSTITUTIONS;  MICROFINANCE;  MONETARY FUND;  MONETARY POLICY;  MONEY TRANSFER;  NET WORTH;  NEW COMPANY;  NPL;  OUTREACH;  OUTSTANDING LOANS;  PAYMENTS SERVICES;  PENSION;  PENSION FUND;  PENSION FUNDS;  PENSIONS;  POSTAL SAVING;  PRICE STABILITY;  PRIVATE BANKING;  PRIVATE BANKS;  PRIVATE COMMERCIAL BANKS;  PRIVATE CREDIT;  PRIVATE ENTERPRISE;  PRIVATIZATION;  PRODUCTIVITY;  PROFITABILITY;  PRUDENTIAL REGULATIONS;  PRUDENTIAL REQUIREMENTS;  PUBLIC CREDIT;  RATING AGENCIES;  REAL ESTATE;  REAL ESTATE LOANS;  REAL SECTOR;  RECAPITALIZATION;  RECEIPT;  REGISTRATION SYSTEM;  REGULATORY FRAMEWORK;  REORGANIZATION;  REPAYMENT;  RESERVE REQUIREMENTS;  RETAINED EARNINGS;  RETURN ON EQUITY;  RISK MANAGEMENT;  SAVINGS;  SECURITIES;  SECURITIES REGISTRATION;  SECURITIES REGULATION;  SOCIAL SERVICES;  SOURCES OF FINANCE;  STATE BANKS;  STATE INTERVENTION;  STATE OWNED BANKS;  STOCK EXCHANGE;  STOCK MARKET;  SUPERVISORY FRAMEWORK;  SYSTEMIC RISK;  TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE;  TECHNICAL SUPPORT;  TERRORISM;  TRADE FINANCING;  TRANSPORT;  TREASURY BILLS;  VENTURE CAPITAL;  WORKING CAPITAL;  Report; 

年份：

2011

出版地：

Washington,USA

语种：

English

摘要：

This report was initiated at the request of the Iraqi government to get a better understanding of the overall financial sector in Iraq. The main objective of the report was to develop a comprehensive assessment of the financial sector. This report takes a first look at the overall financial system of Iraq with a forward looking approach. Key findings of the report are: 1) Iraq's financial sector is dominated by the banking system, with most assets held by state-owned banks; 2) many private banks are in the process of developing modern banking practices, but still need further strengthening and consolidation; 3) other financial markets are concentrated at the Iraqi stock exchange but capitalization is low, and few instruments are traded; 3) the insurance sector is small, dominated by state- owned enterprises, and is not supervised; 4) weak financial infrastructure is a clear impediment to access to finance; and 5) Small Medium Enterprises (SME) and microfinance is not well developed.