Best Operational and Maintenance Practices for City Bus Fleets to Maximize Fuel Economy

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作者：

Energy Sector Management Assistance Program

来源地址：

http://hdl.handle.net/10986/26529

关键词：

ACCELERATION;  ACCELERATOR PEDAL;  AIR;  AIR CLEANER;  AIR CONDITIONER;  AIR FILTERS;  AMBIENT TEMPERATURE;  AUTO MANUFACTURERS;  AUTOMATIC VEHICLE LOCATION;  AXLES;  BLACK SMOKE;  BRAKES;  BUS AVAILABILITY;  BUS COMPANIES;  BUS COMPANY;  BUS COSTS;  BUS DATA;  BUS DEPOTS;  BUS DRIVERS;  BUS FARES;  BUS FLEET;  BUS OPERATING;  BUS OPERATING COMPANIES;  BUS OPERATING COSTS;  BUS OPERATIONS;  BUS OPERATOR;  BUS PASSENGER;  BUS REPLACEMENT;  BUS ROUTE;  BUS SERVICES;  BUS SYSTEMS;  BUS TRANSIT;  BUS TRANSPORT;  BUS TRANSPORTATION;  BUS TRAVEL;  BUS TYPE;  BUSES;  CAPITAL INVESTMENT;  CAR;  CARBON MONOXIDE;  CARS;  CERTIFICATION LEVELS;  CITY BUS;  CITY TRANSIT;  CLEAN DIESEL;  CLIMATE CHANGE;  CLOGGING;  CLUTCH;  COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS;  CONGESTION;  CORROSION;  COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS;  CYCLING;  DAILY TRAVEL;  DIESEL;  DIESEL BUS;  DIESEL SOOT;  DRIVER BEHAVIOR;  DRIVER EDUCATION;  DRIVER TRAINING;  DRIVING;  DRIVING CONDITIONS;  DRIVING STYLE;  ELECTRONIC CONTROL SYSTEM;  EMISSION;  EMISSION CERTIFICATION;  EMISSION STANDARDS;  EMISSIONS;  ENERGY CONSUMPTION;  ENERGY EFFICIENCY;  ENGINE;  ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS;  EXHAUST EMISSIONS;  EXHAUST PIPE;  EXHAUST SYSTEM;  EXPENDITURES ON FUEL;  FILTERS;  FIXED COSTS;  FLEET MANAGEMENT;  FLEET OPERATORS;  FLEET SIZE;  FUEL;  FUEL CONSUMPTION;  FUEL COST;  FUEL ECONOMY;  FUEL ECONOMY IMPROVEMENT;  FUEL EFFICIENCY;  FUEL EFFICIENCY DATA;  FUEL INJECTION;  FUEL SAVINGS;  FUEL USE;  FUEL-EFFICIENT DRIVING;  FUELS;  GARAGES;  GAS PRESSURE;  GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE;  HEAVY DUTY VEHICLES;  HYDROCARBONS;  INJECTION NOZZLE;  INJECTION PUMP;  INJECTION TIMING;  INSPECTION;  MILEAGE;  MOBILITY;  NATURAL GAS BUSES;  NOISE;  ODOMETER;  PARTICULATE MATTER;  PASSENGER CAPACITY;  PERIODIC MAINTENANCE;  POLLUTION;  PRIVATE OPERATORS;  PRIVATE VEHICLE;  PRIVATE VEHICLE OWNERSHIP;  PUBLIC SAFETY;  PUBLIC TRANSIT;  PUBLIC TRANSPORT;  PUBLIC TRANSPORT SERVICES;  PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION;  RAPID BUS;  RIDER;  ROAD;  ROAD SAFETY;  ROAD TRANSPORT;  ROADWAYS;  ROUTE;  SAFE DRIVING;  SHARING;  SMOKE OPACITY;  SPARK PLUGS;  SPEEDS;  STRUCTURES;  SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT;  TEMPERATURE;  TIRES;  TRAIN DRIVERS;  TRANSIT;  TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION;  TRANSIT AGENCY;  TRANSIT AUTHORITIES;  TRANSIT AUTHORITY;  TRANSIT BUS;  TRANSIT OPERATIONS;  TRANSIT SYSTEMS;  TRANSPORT AUTHORITIES;  TRANSPORT RESEARCH;  TRANSPORT SECTOR;  TRANSPORT SYSTEMS;  TRANSPORTATION FARES;  TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH;  TRIPS;  TRUE;  URBAN BUS;  URBAN BUS TRANSIT;  URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORT;  URBAN TRANSIT;  URBAN TRANSPORTATION;  URBAN TRAVELERS;  URBANIZATION;  VEHICLE EMISSIONS;  VEHICLE FLEETS;  VEHICLE MODEL;  VEHICLES;  VIBRATION;  WALKING;  WHEELS;  Report; 

年份：

2011

出版地：

Washington,USA

语种：

English

摘要：

In most large cities in developing countries, buses continue to be the public transport option of choice, carrying a large share of urban travelers. However, transit bus companies in these countries are often cash-strapped. In many cases, the operating cost per bus kilometer exceeds revenues and bus fares are often kept low irrespective of the cost of providing service. Many cities are dominated by old and fuel-intensive buses with high operating costs. Transit systems are also often plagued by overcrowded and undependable service, congested roadways and chaotic operating environments. Across the board, city officials in developing countries are under strong pressure to improve the efficiency and enhance the attractiveness of bus transportation. Fuel makes up a relatively large fraction of total bus operating costs, especially when labor costs are low, as in many developing countries. Fuel costs can be reduced by improving the driving style of bus drivers and through sound maintenance practices. A safe and economical driving style can reduce variable costs, decrease down time due to repair work and maintenance, mitigate negative environmental impacts and improve road safety. This guidance note1 provides detailed and practical recommendations on how city bus operations managers and their technical staff can plan and implement such enhancements to their fleets through Operations and Maintenance (O and M) practices without significant capital investments. By implementing such recommendations, municipal officials and bus operators can increase the efficiency and fuel economy of their bus systems and reduce their cities' energy consumption, congestion and pollution. This guidance note provides detailed and practical recommendations on how city bus operations managers and their technical staff can plan and implement such enhancements to their fleets through O and M practices without significant capital investments.