Road Freight in Central America : Five Explanations to High Costs of Service Provision

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作者：

World Bank

来源地址：

http://hdl.handle.net/10986/27105

关键词：

AERODYNAMICS;  AIR;  AIR CONDITIONING;  ALUMINUM;  AVERAGE SPEEDS;  BAC;  BANK LOANS;  BORDER CROSSING;  BORDER CROSSINGS;  BORDER INFRASTRUCTURE;  BORDER MANAGEMENT;  BOTTLENECKS;  BRIDGE;  CARGO;  COMPETITIVENESS;  CONGESTION;  CONSUMER PROTECTION;  CONSUMERS;  CONSUMPTION INCREASES;  COST EFFECTIVENESS;  COST OF TRANSPORT;  COST PER VEHICLE;  COSTS PER VEHICLE;  DIESEL;  DRIVING;  ECONOMIC PROGRESS;  EMISSION;  EMISSION RATES;  EMPLOYMENT;  EUROPEAN ROAD;  EXPORT GROWTH;  FILTERS;  FINANCING SOURCES;  FREE TRADE;  FREIGHT;  FREIGHT SECTOR;  FREIGHT TRANSPORT;  FUEL;  FUEL CONSUMPTION;  FUEL COST;  FUEL COSTS;  FUEL EFFICIENCY;  FUEL PRICES;  FUEL SAVINGS;  FUELS;  GDP;  GENERATORS;  GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT;  HIGH TRANSPORT;  IDLE TIME;  INCOME;  INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES;  INFLATION;  INLAND WATERWAY;  INSURANCE;  INTEREST RATE;  INTEREST RATES;  INTERNATIONAL ROAD FEDERATION;  INTERNATIONAL TRADE;  INVENTORY;  LABOR COSTS;  LOADING;  LONGER TRIPS;  LORRY;  LORRY PARKS;  MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES;  OXIDATION;  PASSENGERS;  PEAK HOURS;  PERSONAL SAVINGS;  POLLUTION;  PORTS;  PORTS OF ENTRY;  PRICE OF FUEL;  PRICE SENSITIVITY;  PRODUCTIVITY;  PROFIT MARGIN;  QUALITY OF TRANSPORT;  RAIL;  REDUCTION IN FUEL CONSUMPTION;  ROAD;  ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE;  ROAD TOLLS;  ROAD TRANSPORT;  ROAD TRANSPORT SERVICES;  ROADS;  ROUND TRIP;  ROUTE;  ROUTES;  SAFETY;  SATURATION;  SHORT-SEA SHIPPING;  SPEED;  TIRES;  TOTAL COSTS;  TRADE BARRIERS;  TRADE FLOWS;  TRADE POLICY;  TRAFFIC;  TRANSACTION COSTS;  TRANSPORT COSTS;  TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE;  TRANSPORT OF GOODS;  TRANSPORT SECTOR;  TRANSPORT SERVICE;  TRANSPORT SERVICES;  TRANSPORTATION;  TRANSPORTATION SERVICES;  TRAVEL TIME;  TRAVEL TIMES;  TRIP;  TRIPS;  TROUGH;  TRUCK DRIVERS;  TRUCKING;  TRUCKS;  VARIABLE COSTS;  VEHICLE;  VEHICLE EFFICIENCY;  VEHICLE FLEET;  VEHICLE OPERATING;  VEHICLE OPERATING COSTS;  VEHICLE PURCHASES;  VEHICLES;  WAITING TIME;  WEALTH;  WTO;  Report; 

年份：

2012

出版地：

Washington,USA

语种：

English

摘要：

An efficient system to transport goods domestically and internationally is a key element of the logistics chain. Road freight transport has a direct impact on poverty as it employs millions of people and generates a significant portion of Gross Domestic Product, or GDP, especially in low and middle-income countries. Trucking is the primary form of transportation for domestic, trans-border, and international cargo, in Central America. Road freight transport is now vital to production, distribution, and mobilization, driving economic, social, and environmental progress. In short, trucking is the backbone of economies around the world. In the past 20 years, the industry has advanced as technology has improved communication, management, productivity, including vehicle efficiency. Their objective in doing so is to expand markets, generate wealth on the basis of efficient specialization, introduce competition, and lower costs for production, distribution, services, and research and development. When road freight transport services are efficient, they support these objectives; when they are not they act as nontariff barriers to trade, creating delays, raising costs, worsening congestion and pollution. Such barriers prolong and destabilize delivery schedules, hinder 'just in time' inventory management and industrial processes, and impede the efficient combination of factors of production.