Timor-Leste : Country Environmental Analysis

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作者：

World Bank

来源地址：

http://hdl.handle.net/10986/28126

关键词：

ADEQUATE SANITATION FACILITIES;  ADULT MORBIDITY;  ADULT MORTALITY;  AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION;  AIR;  AIR POLLUTION;  AIR QUALITY;  ALTERNATIVE ENERGY;  AQUIFERS;  ARABLE LAND;  ATMOSPHERE;  BASES;  BASIC EDUCATION;  BIODIVERSITY;  BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION;  BIOGAS;  BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY;  BIOMASS;  CADMIUM;  CANCER;  CARBON;  CARBON MONOXIDE;  CHILD MORBIDITY;  CHILD MORTALITY;  CHLORINATION;  CHROMIUM;  CITIZENS;  CIVIL UNREST;  CLIMATE;  CLIMATE CHANGE;  CLIMATIC CONDITIONS;  COAL;  COMBUSTION;  CORAL REEFS;  CROP RESIDUES;  CROWDING OUT;  CURRENT POPULATION;  DEEP WELLS;  DEFORESTATION;  DEMOCRACY;  DESERTIFICATION;  DEVELOPING COUNTRIES;  DEVELOPMENT PLANNING;  DEVELOPMENT PLANS;  DISABILITY;  DISEASES;  DISINFECTION;  DISPOSABLE INCOME;  DRINKING WATER;  DROUGHT;  EARLY DEATH;  ECONOMIC ACTIVITY;  ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT;  ECONOMIC GROWTH;  ECONOMIC SITUATION;  ECONOMIC VALUE;  ECOSYSTEM;  ELECTRICITY;  EMISSIONS;  EMISSIONS STANDARDS;  ENERGY POLICY;  ENERGY SOURCES;  ENVIRONMENTAL;  ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION;  ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT;  ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS;  ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES;  ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT;  ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY;  ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS;  ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION;  ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS;  ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS;  ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY;  EPIDEMIC;  EXPLOITATION;  EXPLOSIVE;  FERTILITY;  FERTILITY LEVELS;  FINANCIAL RESOURCES;  FISH;  FISHERIES;  FISHING;  FOOD SECURITY;  FOREST;  FOREST COVER;  FOREST LAND;  FOREST LAW;  FOREST POLICY;  FORESTRY;  FORESTRY PRACTICES;  FORESTS;  FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE;  FUEL TYPE;  FUEL USE;  FUELS;  FUTURE GENERATIONS;  FUTURE GROWTH;  GAS MARKET;  GAS PRODUCTION;  GOVERNMENT AGENCIES;  GREENHOUSE;  GREENHOUSE GASES;  GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT;  GROSS NATIONAL INCOME;  GROUNDWATER;  HEALTH IMPACT;  HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT;  HEAVY INDUSTRY;  HEAVY METALS;  HOME COUNTRIES;  HOUSEHOLD LEVEL;  HUMAN CAPITAL;  HUMAN DEVELOPMENT;  HUMAN HEALTH;  ILLEGAL FISHING;  ILLNESS;  INDOOR AIR POLLUTION;  INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS;  INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION;  INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT;  INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY;  INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION;  LABOR FORCE;  LACK OF CAPACITY;  LACK OF INFORMATION;  LAND DEGRADATION;  LAND TENURE;  LAND USE;  LEVELS OF FERTILITY;  LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS;  LOGGING;  LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES;  MARKET ECONOMY;  MARKET PRICES;  MEAT;  MIGRATION;  MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS;  MINISTRIES OF HEALTH;  MINISTRY OF HEALTH;  MORTALITY;  NATIONAL ACTION;  NATIONAL CAPACITY;  NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT;  NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN;  NATIONAL INCOME;  NATIONAL ISSUE;  NATIONAL PRIORITIES;  NATIONAL PRIORITY;  NATURAL GAS;  NATURAL RESOURCE;  NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT;  NATURAL RESOURCES;  NEWBORN;  NUMBER OF PEOPLE;  OFFICIAL LANGUAGES;  OIL;  OIL PRICES;  OPEN BURNING;  OVERGRAZING;  PARTICULATE;  PARTICULATE MATTER;  PARTICULATES;  PASTURE LAND;  PEACE;  PERSONAL COMMUNICATION;  PESTICIDES;  PHYSICAL INTEGRITY;  PM10;  POLICY INSTRUMENTS;  POLLUTION CONTROL;  POOR HEALTH;  POPULATION GROUPS;  POPULATION GROWTH;  POPULATION GROWTH RATE;  POWER PLANTS;  PREMATURE DEATH;  PRESENT VALUE;  PROGRESS;  PROPERTY RIGHTS;  PUBLIC HEARINGS;  RAINFALL;  RAPID POPULATION GROWTH;  RATES OF GROWTH;  RATES OF POPULATION;  RECLAMATION;  RENEWABLE ENERGY;  RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES;  RESOURCE MANAGEMENT;  RURAL AREAS;  RURAL DEVELOPMENT;  RURAL POPULATION;  SAFE DRINKING WATER;  SANITATION;  SERVICE DELIVERY;  SERVICE PROVISION;  SHORT SUPPLY;  SMOKE;  SOCIAL SERVICES;  SOIL DEGRADATION;  SOIL EROSION;  SPECIES;  STATIONARY SOURCES;  STREAMS;  SUPPLY SYSTEMS;  SUSTAINABLE ACCESS;  SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT;  SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT;  TECHNICAL CAPACITY;  TIMBER;  TREATY;  TURBIDITY;  UNEMPLOYMENT;  UNEMPLOYMENT RATES;  URBAN AREAS;  URBAN CENTERS;  URBAN POPULATION;  URBAN POPULATION GROWTH;  URBAN SETTLEMENTS;  URBANIZATION;  USER FEES;  WASTE MANAGEMENT;  WATER ANALYSIS;  WATER MANAGEMENT;  WATER QUALITY;  WATER RESOURCES;  WATER SUPPLIES;  WATER TREATMENT;  WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;  YOUNG CHILDREN;  Report;  Rapport;  Informe; 

年份：

2009

出版地：

Washington,USA

语种：

English

摘要：

The Country Environmental Analysis (CEA) for Timor-Leste identifies environmental priorities through a systematic review of environmental issues in natural resources management and environmental health in the context of the country's economic development and environmental institutions. Lack of data has been the main limitation in presenting a more rigorous analysis. Nevertheless, the report builds on the best available secondary data, presents new data on the country's wealth composition, and derives new results on the costs of water and air pollution. The CEA calls for urgent attention to gaps in the environmental management framework, the lack of capacity to implement the few regulations in place, and the high cost of indoor air pollution and poor water, sanitation, and hygiene. Timor-Leste is a young country that regained independence in 2002, and it has emerged from a bitter past burdened by colonialism and violent conflicts. It is still a fragile state facing enormous challenges. The report also points out the lack of clean water, appropriate sanitation, and hygiene as an environmental priority. The CEA estimates that this imposes an economic cost of about $17 million per year by way of illness and premature death. The CEA also looks at outdoor air pollution and at natural resource management for land, forestry, and coastal and marine resources. Outdoor air pollution is not a serious problem for the time being, but it could become so in the long run if the economy grows rapidly, urbanization continues, heavy industry emerges, and motorization increases rapidly. This underlines the need for good forward territorial and development planning. In conclusion, much good work has already been done to enhance the quality of the environment in Timor-Leste. Efforts are under way to improve the data base for environmental management.