Guide to Climate Change Adaptation in Cities

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作者：

World Bank Group

来源地址：

http://hdl.handle.net/10986/27396

关键词：

ABSORPTION;  ACTUAL CHANGES IN CLIMATE;  ADAPTATION AGENDA;  ADAPTATION APPROACH;  ADAPTATION DEFICIT;  ADAPTATION EFFORT;  ADAPTATION FINANCING;  ADAPTATION INVESTMENTS;  ADAPTATION ISSUES;  ADAPTATION MEASURES;  ADAPTATION PLANS;  ADAPTATION PROCESS;  ADAPTATION RESPONSES;  ADAPTATION STRATEGIES;  ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE;  ADAPTATION TOOLS;  ADAPTING;  ADAPTIVE ACTIONS;  ADAPTIVE CAPACITY;  ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT;  ADAPTIVE RESPONSES;  ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES;  ADVERSE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE;  AIR;  AIR POLLUTION;  AIR QUALITY;  AIR TEMPERATURES;  ALTITUDE;  APPROACH TO CLIMATE CHANGE;  ASSESSING CLIMATE CHANGE;  AVOIDING CLIMATE CHANGE;  CARBON;  CLIMATE;  CLIMATE ACTION;  CLIMATE ADAPTATION;  CLIMATE AGENDA;  CLIMATE CHANGE;  CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION;  CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION FUNDING;  CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION PLANNING;  CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION STRATEGY;  CLIMATE CHANGE ANALYSIS;  CLIMATE CHANGE ASSESSMENTS;  CLIMATE CHANGE DATA;  CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS;  CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION;  CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH;  CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE;  CLIMATE CHANGE RISK;  CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS;  CLIMATE CHANGE SCIENCE;  CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY;  CLIMATE CHANGES;  CLIMATE CONDITIONS;  CLIMATE EXTREMES;  CLIMATE FACTORS;  CLIMATE HAZARDS;  CLIMATE IMPACTS;  CLIMATE POLICY;  CLIMATE PROTECTION;  CLIMATE RESEARCH;  CLIMATE RISK;  CLIMATE RISK REDUCTION;  CLIMATE RISKS;  CLIMATE VARIABILITY;  CLIMATE-CHANGE;  CLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACTS;  CLIMATE-RELATED DISASTER;  CLIMATE-RELATED HAZARDS;  CLIMATES;  CLIMATIC VARIATIONS;  CONSEQUENCES OF CLIMATE CHANGE;  CONVERGENCE;  COPE WITH CLIMATE CHANGE;  COST OF CLIMATE CHANGE;  COST OF PRODUCTION;  COST-BENEFIT;  COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS;  CYCLONE ACTIVITY;  DAMAGES;  DISASTER EVENTS;  DISASTER REDUCTION;  DISASTER RESILIENCE;  DISASTER RISK;  DISASTER RISK ASSESSMENTS;  DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT;  DISASTER RISK REDUCTION;  DISASTER RISK REDUCTION EFFORTS;  DROUGHT;  DROUGHT RISK;  DUST;  ECONOMIC ACTIVITY;  ECONOMIC BENEFITS;  ECONOMIC GROWTH;  ECONOMIC IMPACTS;  ECONOMICS OF ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE;  ECONOMICS OF CLIMATE CHANGE;  ECOSYSTEM;  EFFECTIVE ADAPTATION;  ELECTRICITY;  ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION;  ENERGY DEMAND;  ENERGY EFFICIENCY;  ENERGY USE;  ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION;  EROSION CONTROL;  EXPOSURE TO CLIMATE CHANGE;  EXTREME HEAT;  EXTREME WEATHER;  EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS;  FINANCIAL CAPACITY;  FINANCIAL DECISION;  FINANCIAL RESOURCES;  FLOOD;  FLOOD CONTROL;  FLOODING;  FUTURE CLIMATE CHANGE;  GHG;  GLOBAL CLIMATE;  GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE;  GLOBAL WARMING;  GREENHOUSE;  GREENHOUSE GAS;  GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS;  HEAT-RELATED MORTALITY;  HEAVY RAINS;  HOT DAYS;  HOT SUMMERS;  HURRICANE;  HURRICANES;  ICE;  IMPACTS FROM CLIMATE CHANGE;  IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE;  INCOME;  INFORMATION ON CLIMATE;  INFORMATION ON CLIMATE CHANGE;  INFORMATION ON CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS;  INSURANCE;  INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE;  INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS;  INVESTMENT DECISIONS;  IPCC;  LAND DEGRADATION;  LAND USE;  LAND USE DECISIONS;  LOCAL CLIMATE;  LONG-TERM CLIMATE CHANGE;  LOW-CARBON;  MALADAPTATION;  METEOROLOGICAL DATA;  NATURAL DISASTER;  NEGATIVE IMPACTS;  PRECIPITATION;  PRESENT VALUE;  RAIN;  RAINFALL;  RATE OF CLIMATE CHANGE;  RISK MANAGEMENT;  RISKS FROM CLIMATE CHANGE;  RISKS OF CLIMATE CHANGE;  SCIENTISTS;  SEA WALLS;  SEA-LEVEL;  SEA-LEVEL RISE;  SOCIAL AFFAIRS;  STORM SURGES;  STORMS;  SUMMER HEAT WAVES;  TEMPERATURE;  TEMPERATURES;  TREE SPECIES;  TROPICAL CYCLONE;  TROPICAL CYCLONES;  TYPHOONS;  UNCERTAINTIES;  UNEP;  UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES;  URBAN CLIMATE CHANGE;  URBAN HEAT;  URBAN HEAT ISLAND;  URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT;  VULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE CHANGE;  VULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE IMPACTS;  WATER QUALITY;  WATER TEMPERATURE;  WATER TREATMENT;  WEATHER INSURANCE;  Report;  Rapport;  Informe; 

年份：

2011

出版地：

Washington,USA

语种：

English

摘要：

Cities face significant impacts from climate change, both now and into the future. These impacts have potentially serious consequences for human health, livelihoods, and assets, especially for the urban poor, informal settlements, and other vulnerable groups. Climate change impacts range from an increase in extreme weather events and flooding to hotter temperatures and public health concerns. Cities in low elevation coastal zones, for instance, face the combined threat of sea-level rise and storm surges. The specific impacts on each city will depend on the actual changes in climate experienced (for example, higher temperatures or increased rainfall), which will vary from place to place. Climate change will increase the frequency at which some natural hazards occur, especially extreme weather events, and introduce new incremental impacts that are less immediate. However, few climate impacts will be truly unfamiliar to cities. Cities have always lived with natural hazards, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes, and flooding. In some situations, cities will experience an increase in the frequency of existing climate-related hazards, such as flooding. Climate change considerations can be integrated with disaster risk reduction (DRR) in cities. DRR efforts already familiar to many may be used as a platform from which to develop climate change adaptation plans. In practical terms, disaster risk reduction and climate adaptation can be integrated in many instances, although cities should also consider incremental or gradual changes in climate that affect government operations or community life in less immediate and visible ways than conventional disasters. Approaches to collecting information on climate change impacts in a city can range from highly technical and resource-intensive, to simple and inexpensive. Technically complex assessments are likely to require collaboration with external experts, if a city is not large or well-resourced with sufficient in-house capacity.