Transition to a Low-Emissions Economy in Poland

• 查看报告

作者：

World Bank

来源地址：

http://hdl.handle.net/10986/27419

关键词：

ABATEMENT COSTS;  ABATEMENT OPTIONS;  ABATEMENT POLICIES;  ABATEMENT POTENTIAL;  ACID;  ACID PRODUCTION;  AIR;  ALLOCATION;  ALUMINUM;  AMMONIA;  ANNUAL EMISSIONS;  ANTHROPOGENIC GREENHOUSE;  ANTHROPOGENIC GREENHOUSE GASES;  APPROACH;  ARCTIC OCEAN;  ATMOSPHERE;  ATMOSPHERIC CONCENTRATIONS;  AUCTION;  AVAILABILITY;  BASELINE EMISSIONS;  BIOMASS;  BROMINE;  CALCULATION;  CAPS;  CARBON;  CARBON ABATEMENT;  CARBON CAPTURE;  CARBON CONSTRAINTS;  CARBON DIOXIDE;  CARBON ECONOMY;  CARBON EMISSIONS;  CARBON ENERGY;  CARBON FOOTPRINT;  CARBON INTENSITY;  CARBON LEAKAGE;  CARBON MARKET;  CARBON PATH;  CARBON PRICE;  CARBON TAX;  CARBON TAXES;  CH4;  CHEMICAL PROCESSES;  CHLORINE;  CLEAN ENERGY;  CLEAN TECHNOLOGY;  CLIMATE;  CLIMATE CHANGE;  CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION;  CLIMATE POLICIES;  CLIMATE POLICY;  CLIMATE PROTECTION;  CLIMATE SYSTEM;  CO;  CO2;  COAL;  COAL PLANT;  COLORS;  COMBUSTION;  CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY;  CONVERGENCE;  CORAL REEFS;  COSTS OF ABATEMENT;  CRUDE OIL;  DEFORESTATION;  DEMAND FOR ENERGY;  DISCOUNT RATES;  DISTRICT HEATING;  DOMESTIC ABATEMENT;  DOMESTIC COAL;  DONOR COMMUNITY;  DROUGHT;  ECONOMIC ADJUSTMENT;  ECONOMIC COSTS;  ECONOMIC GROWTH;  ECONOMIC IMPACT;  ECONOMIC IMPACTS;  ECONOMIC RECOVERY;  EFFICIENCY GAINS;  EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS;  ELECTRIC POWER;  ELECTRICITY;  ELECTRICITY GENERATION;  ELECTRICITY PRICES;  ELECTRICITY SECTOR;  EMISSION;  EMISSION ABATEMENT;  EMISSION ALLOWANCES;  EMISSION BASELINE;  EMISSION CAP;  EMISSION CONSTRAINTS;  EMISSION GROWTH;  EMISSION LEVEL;  EMISSION LEVELS;  EMISSION PRICING;  EMISSION REDUCTION;  EMISSION REDUCTIONS;  EMISSION STANDARDS;  EMISSION TARGETS;  EMISSION TRADING;  EMISSIONS;  EMISSIONS ABATEMENT;  EMISSIONS FROM AGRICULTURE;  EMISSIONS GROWTH;  EMISSIONS INTENSITY;  EMISSIONS LEVELS;  EMISSIONS MITIGATION;  EMISSIONS POLICY;  EMISSIONS PROFILE;  EMISSIONS PROJECTIONS;  EMISSIONS REDUCTION;  EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS;  EMISSIONS TARGETS;  EMPLOYMENT;  ENERGY CONSUMPTION;  ENERGY DEMAND;  ENERGY ECONOMICS;  ENERGY EFFICIENCY;  ENERGY EFFICIENCY STANDARDS;  ENERGY INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION;  ENERGY INTENSITY;  ENERGY MIX;  ENERGY POLICY;  ENERGY PRICES;  ENERGY PRODUCTION;  ENERGY SECURITY;  ENERGY SUPPLY;  ENERGY USE;  ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES;  EXTREME WEATHER;  EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS;  F-GASES;  FEASIBILITY;  FERROUS METALS;  FINANCIAL CRISIS;  FINANCIAL SERVICES;  FINANCIAL SUPPORT;  FLOODS;  FLUORINE;  FORESTRY;  FOSSIL;  FOSSIL FUEL;  FOSSIL FUEL USE;  FOSSIL FUELS;  FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE;  FUEL CONSUMPTION;  FUEL FOR POWER GENERATION;  FUEL PRICES;  FUGITIVE EMISSIONS;  GASIFICATION;  GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL;  GHG;  GHGS;  GLOBAL EMISSIONS;  GLOBAL WARMING;  GREENHOUSE;  GREENHOUSE EFFECT;  GREENHOUSE EMISSIONS;  GREENHOUSE GAS;  GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION;  GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS;  GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY;  GREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION;  GREENHOUSE GASES;  GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT;  HALOCARBONS;  HEAT;  HEAVY INDUSTRY;  HURRICANES;  HYDROFLUOROCARBONS;  HYDROLOGY;  ICE SHEETS;  INCOME;  INTERNATIONAL EMISSIONS;  INVESTMENT DECISIONS;  INVESTMENTS IN ENERGY EFFICIENCY;  IPCC;  IRON;  LAND USE;  LAND USE CHANGE;  LAND-USE CHANGE;  LOW-CARBON;  MARGINAL ABATEMENT;  MARGINAL ABATEMENT COST;  MARGINAL COST;  MARGINAL COST OF ABATEMENT;  MARKET DISTORTIONS;  MARKET ECONOMY;  METHANE;  MOUNTAIN GLACIERS;  N2O;  NATIONAL ACCOUNTS;  NATURAL GAS;  NET COST;  NITROUS OXIDE;  NUCLEAR ENERGY;  NUCLEAR POWER;  NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS;  OIL EQUIVALENT;  OIL PRODUCTS;  OZONE;  PERFLUOROCARBONS;  PETROCHEMICALS;  PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER;  POLAR ICE;  POLICY ANALYSIS;  POLICY SCENARIOS;  POWER GENERATION;  POWER PLANTS;  POWER SECTOR;  POWER STATIONS;  PP;  PRECIPITATION;  PRELIMINARY ESTIMATES;  PRESENT VALUE;  RADIATIVE FORCING;  RAIN;  RAINFALL;  RENEWABLE ENERGY;  RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES;  REVENUE RECYCLING;  SCENARIOS;  SOLAR POWER;  SUBSTITUTION;  TEMPERATURE;  TOTAL EMISSIONS;  TRADE SYSTEM;  TRANSACTIONS COSTS;  TRANSPORT SECTOR;  TROPICAL CYCLONES;  TROPICAL REGIONS;  WIND;  WIND POWER;  Report;  Rapport;  Informe; 

年份：

2011

出版地：

Washington,USA

语种：

English

摘要：

Against the backdrop of agreement that global coordinated action is needed to prevent dangerous climate change, individual countries are thinking through the implications of climate action for their economies and people. The rest of the report is organized along the following lines. The next section provides background on Poland's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Then section B sets out Poland's existing carbon abatement targets and key policy challenges related to GHG mitigation. The next section summarizes the innovative methodological approach used by the report. Section D discusses the methods and implications of constructing business-as-usual or reference scenarios. Section E provides the major findings from the first model, the engineering approach, on the costs of measures aimed at GHG mitigation for Poland. Section F explains how these findings are expanded and revised by incorporation into the first macroeconomic model. Section G provides an analysis of the economic impact through 2020 of mitigation measures within the constraints of European Union (EU) policy arrangements. Section H examines the energy sector and how Section E's findings are enhanced by optimization of the structure of the energy sector. Section I takes a first look at the challenges of energy efficiency. Section J provides additional analysis of the transport sector. The last section provides some notes on additional issues and further work.