Romania - A Risk Analysis and Screening Approach for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Options : A Tool for Climate Action Planning

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作者：

World Bank

来源地址：

http://hdl.handle.net/10986/21811

关键词：

ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE;  AIR;  AIR QUALITY;  ALLOCATION;  APPROACH;  AVAILABILITY;  BALANCE;  CARBON;  CARBON DIOXIDE;  CARBON ECONOMY;  CARBON MARKETS;  CARBON SEQUESTRATION;  CARBON TAXES;  CARS;  CHEMICALS;  CLEAN ENERGY;  CLIMATE;  CLIMATE CHANGE;  CLIMATE CHANGE ACT;  CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS;  CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION;  CLIMATE CHANGE POLICIES;  CLIMATE SCENARIOS;  CO;  CO2;  COAL;  CONVERGENCE;  COST ANALYSIS;  COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS;  COST EFFECTIVENESS;  COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS;  COST ESTIMATES;  COST-BENEFIT;  COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS;  COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS;  COST­BENEFIT ANALYSIS;  DAMAGES;  DECISION MAKING;  DEFORESTATION;  DISCOUNT RATE;  DISCOUNT RATES;  DISTRIBUTION NETWORK;  DISTRIBUTION OF COSTS;  DISTRICT HEATING;  DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEMS;  DRAINAGE;  DROUGHT;  ECONOMIC ANALYSIS;  ECONOMIC BENEFITS;  ECONOMIC COSTS;  ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE;  ECONOMIC IMPACTS;  ECONOMIC INCENTIVES;  ECONOMIC MODELS;  ECONOMICS;  ECONOMICS OF CLIMATE CHANGE;  ECOSYSTEM;  ELECTRICITY;  EMISSION;  EMISSION REDUCTION;  EMISSION SCENARIO;  EMISSIONS;  EMISSIONS REDUCTION;  EMPLOYMENT;  ENERGY EFFICIENCY;  ENERGY EFFICIENCY INVESTMENTS;  ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES;  ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE;  ENERGY INTENSITY;  ENERGY SAVINGS;  ENVIRONMENTAL;  ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS;  ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS;  ENVIRONMENTAL FOOTPRINT;  ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS;  ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES;  ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY;  ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION;  ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY;  ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES;  ENVIRONMENTAL RISK;  EQUILIBRIUM;  EXTREME EVENTS;  EXTREME WEATHER;  EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS;  FEASIBILITY;  FINANCIAL ANALYSIS;  FINANCIAL DECISIONS;  FINANCIAL NEEDS;  FINANCIAL RESOURCES;  FINANCIAL RISKS;  FINANCIAL SUPPORT;  FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY;  FISHERIES;  FLOODS;  FOREST;  FOREST SECTOR;  FORESTRY;  FORESTS;  FOSSIL;  FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE;  FUEL;  FUEL CELLS;  FUEL ECONOMY;  GENERATION CAPACITY;  GHG;  GHGS;  GLOBAL EMISSIONS;  GLOBAL WARMING;  GREEN HOUSE GAS;  GREEN HOUSE GAS EMISSIONS;  GREENHOUSE;  GREENHOUSE GAS;  GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS;  GREENHOUSE GASES;  HEALTH PROBLEMS;  HEAT;  HEAT RECOVERY;  HEATING SYSTEMS;  HYDROPOWER;  IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY;  INFRASTRUCTURES;  INSURANCE;  INSURANCE SYSTEMS;  IPCC;  IRREVERSIBILITY;  LAND USE;  LOW CARBON ECONOMY;  MARGINAL ABATEMENT;  MARGINAL ABATEMENT COST;  MARGINAL ABATEMENT COSTS;  MARKET DISTORTIONS;  MOBILITY;  MONETARY TERMS;  MONETARY VALUES;  NATURAL RESOURCES;  PE;  PETROLEUM;  PETROLEUM PRODUCTS;  PHYSICS;  POLICY DECISIONS;  POLICY MAKERS;  POLLUTANTS;  PORTFOLIO;  POWER;  POWER GENERATION;  POWER GRID;  POWER PRODUCTION;  PRECIPITATION;  PRESENT VALUE;  PROCESS USES;  QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS;  QUOTAS;  RAILWAYS;  REAL ESTATE;  RECYCLING;  REDUCING EMISSIONS;  REGULATORY FRAMEWORK;  RENEWABLE ENERGIES;  RENEWABLE ENERGY;  RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES;  RESILIENCE TO CLIMATE CHANGE;  RISK MANAGEMENT;  RISKS OF CLIMATE CHANGE;  RIVER BASINS;  ROAD;  SAFETY;  SECURITIES;  SHADOW PRICES;  SURFACE CHEMISTRY;  SUSTAINABLE OPERATION;  TEMPERATURE;  TOTAL BENEFITS;  TOTAL COSTS;  TRANSACTION COSTS;  TRANSPARENCY;  TRANSPORT;  TRANSPORT INVESTMENT;  TRANSPORT SECTOR;  TRANSPORTATION;  TRUE;  UNCERTAINTIES;  UTILITIES;  VEHICLE;  VEHICLE FUEL;  VEHICLE FUEL EFFICIENCY;  VEHICLE OWNERS;  VEHICLES;  WASTE DISPOSAL;  WASTE MANAGEMENT;  WELFARE ECONOMICS;  WIND;  Report;  Rapport;  Informe; 

年份：

2014

出版地：

Washington,USA

语种：

English

摘要：

The current report is a milestone for preparing the Romanian climate change (CC) action plan. A CC action plan should be based on the consolidation and coordination of both mitigation and adaptation measures and options. An important step in the elaboration of such a plan is the selection of appropriate actions. This selection requires the involvement of competent authorities in the key sectors, including, in the case of Romania, transport, energy, urban, water, agriculture, and forestry. The screening approaches are used to facilitate a transparent decision-making process in various fields such as environmental impacts, dangerous substances, environmental footprint of products, or CC actions. The report is structured as follows: section one gives introduction. Section two summarizes the usage of screening approaches in the field of CC and environment by different European Union (EU) member states and by the European Commission. Section three discusses the main categories of mitigation and adaption measures that can be included in a CC action plan. Section four presents the screening approach and process and describes several complementary tools (multi-criteria analysis, cost-benefit analysis (CBA), cost effectiveness analysis (CEA), modeling) that should be used when the screening approach is insufficient. Section five provides a conclusion and key recommendations.