Kosovo : Gender Gaps in Education, Health, and Economic Opportunities

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作者：

World Bank

来源地址：

http://hdl.handle.net/10986/26830

关键词：

ABORTION;  ABSTINENCE;  ACCESS TO EMPLOYMENT;  ADEQUATE HUMAN RESOURCES;  ADULT MEN;  ADULT POPULATION;  ADULT WOMEN;  AGED;  ANTENATAL CARE;  ARMED CONFLICT;  BASIC EDUCATION;  BASIC NEEDS;  BIRTH CONTROL;  BIRTH RATE;  CAREER ADVANCEMENT;  CAREER DEVELOPMENT;  CHILD CARE;  CHILDREN PER WOMAN;  CITIZENSHIP;  CLINICS;  COMMITTEE ON HUMAN RIGHTS;  CONDOM;  CONTRACEPTION;  DEMOCRACY;  DEVELOPMENT POLICY;  DISCRIMINATORY PRACTICES;  DROPOUT;  DRUG ABUSE;  ECONOMIC GROWTH;  ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES;  ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY;  EDUCATED WOMEN;  EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT;  EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES;  EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS;  EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES;  EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM;  EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES;  ETHNIC GROUPS;  FAMILY PLANNING;  FAMILY RESPONSIBILITIES;  FEMALE EDUCATION;  FEMALE EMPLOYEES;  FEMALE EMPLOYMENT;  FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS;  FEMALE LABOR;  FEMALE LEADERS;  FEMALE LIFE EXPECTANCY;  FEMALE MINISTER;  FEMALE PARTICIPANTS;  FEMALE STERILIZATION;  FEMALE STUDENTS;  FERTILITY;  FERTILITY RATE;  FERTILITY RATES;  FLEXIBLE WORK ARRANGEMENTS;  FORMAL EDUCATION;  GENDER;  GENDER ASSESSMENTS;  GENDER DIFFERENCES;  GENDER DISCRIMINATION;  GENDER DISPARITIES;  GENDER DISPARITIES IN EDUCATION;  GENDER DISPARITY;  GENDER EQUALITY;  GENDER GAPS;  GENDER IMBALANCE;  GENDER INEQUALITY;  GENDER ISSUES;  GENDER STUDIES;  GIRLS;  GOVERNMENT AGENCIES;  GOVERNMENT OFFICES;  HEALTH OF WOMEN;  HEALTH OUTCOMES;  HEALTH PROVIDERS;  HEALTH SERVICES;  HEALTH SYSTEM;  HIV;  HOSPITAL;  HOUSEHOLD BUDGET;  HOUSEHOLD RESPONSIBILITIES;  HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS;  HUMAN CAPITAL;  HUMAN DEVELOPMENT;  HUMAN RIGHTS;  HUMAN WELFARE;  HUSBANDS;  ILLITERACY;  ILLITERATE POPULATION;  IMPROVEMENT OF WOMEN;  INFORMATION SYSTEM;  INHERITANCE;  INHERITANCE RIGHTS;  INTRA-UTERINE DEVICES;  IUD;  IUDS;  JOB CREATION;  JOB OPPORTUNITIES;  JOB TRAINING;  JOB-SEEKERS;  LABOR FORCE;  LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION;  LABOR MARKET;  LABOR SUPPLY;  LABOUR MARKET;  LEADING CAUSES;  LEGAL STATUS;  LEGISLATORS;  LEVEL OF EDUCATION;  LIFE EXPECTANCY;  LITERACY RATES;  LIVE BIRTHS;  MAJORITY OF CHILDREN;  MALE CONDOMS;  MARITAL STATUS;  MARRIED WOMEN;  MASS UNEMPLOYMENT;  MATERNAL DEATHS;  MATERNAL HEALTH;  MATERNAL MORTALITY;  MATERNAL MORTALITY RATES;  MATERNITY LEAVE;  MEDICAL PERSONNEL;  MEDICAL SPECIALISTS;  METHOD OF CONTRACEPTION;  METHODS OF FAMILY PLANNING;  MIDWIVES;  MIGRATION;  MODERN CONTRACEPTION;  MODERN CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS;  NEW INFECTIONS;  NUMBER OF WOMEN;  NURSES;  OLD SYSTEM;  OLDER MEN;  OLDER WOMEN;  OUTREACH ACTIVITIES;  PATIENTS;  POLICY IMPLICATIONS;  POLICY RESEARCH;  POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER;  POLITICAL DECISION;  POLITICAL INSTABILITY;  POLITICAL PARTIES;  POLITICAL REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN;  POOR FAMILIES;  POOR NUTRITION;  PREGNANCIES;  PREGNANCY;  PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS;  PREGNANT WOMEN;  PREVALENCE OF CONTRACEPTION;  PRIMARY EDUCATION;  PRIMARY SCHOOL;  PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE;  PRODUCTIVITY;  PROGRESS;  PUBLIC AWARENESS;  PUBLIC HEALTH;  PUBLIC SERVICES;  QUALITY OF EDUCATION;  QUALITY OF SERVICES;  RECREATION;  REDUCING MATERNAL MORTALITY;  REGULATORY REGIME;  REMITTANCES;  REPRODUCTIVE AGE;  REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH;  RISK FACTORS;  ROLE MODELS;  RURAL AREAS;  RURAL HOUSEHOLDS;  RURAL WOMEN;  SECONDARY EDUCATION;  SEX;  SEX INDUSTRY;  SEXUAL BEHAVIOR;  SICK LEAVE;  SINGLE WOMEN;  SKILLED WORKERS;  SOCIAL CONDITIONS;  SOCIAL NORMS;  SOCIAL SECURITY;  SOCIAL WELFARE;  SOCIAL WORKERS;  SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE;  TERTIARY EDUCATION;  TERTIARY LEVEL;  TRADITIONAL PRACTICES;  TRADITIONAL SOCIETIES;  TRADITIONAL VALUES;  TRANSPORTATION;  UNDP;  UNEMPLOYMENT;  UNEMPLOYMENT RATES;  UNFPA;  UNICEF;  UNITED NATIONS;  UNIVERSITY EDUCATION;  UNSAFE ABORTIONS;  URBAN POPULATIONS;  URBAN WOMEN;  VIOLENCE;  VITAL STATISTICS;  VOCATIONAL TRAINING;  WAGE GAP;  WAR;  WAR RECONSTRUCTION;  WATER SUPPLY;  WOMAN;  WOMEN IN LEADERSHIP;  WOMEN IN LEADERSHIP POSITIONS;  WOMEN IN POLITICS;  WOMEN IN SOCIETY;  WORK EXPERIENCE;  WORKFORCE;  WORKING CONDITIONS;  WORKING WOMEN;  YOUNG MEN;  YOUNG PEOPLE;  YOUNG WOMEN;  Report;  Rapport;  Informe; 

年份：

2012

出版地：

Washington,USA

语种：

English

摘要：

Kosovo is one of the poorest countries in Europe (World Bank 2010). In 2009, 35 percent of the population lived below the poverty line. This note was prepared primarily as a key input to the Kosovo country partnership strategy (FY2012 to FY2015) and aims to provide an overview of gender disparities in three major domains: human capital, labor market, and entrepreneurship. The note provides a broad picture of gender disparities in Kosovo in education, health, and access to economic opportunities. Lack of statistical data on Kosovo, and particularly of gender-disaggregated data, limits the depth and scope of this gender diagnostic. Men and women in Kosovo have lower education levels than men and women in the European Union (EU). Women comprise less than 10 percent of all entrepreneurs and 0.3 percent of top management positions. This note is organized as follows: section one highlights gender differences in human capital focusing on education and health outcomes; section two describes men's and women's relative employment patterns; section three focuses on gender disparities in entrepreneurship and career advancement in business and politics; and section four provides concluding observations.