The present invention concerns a composition comprising, in a physiologically acceptable medium: at least one retinoid; benzoyl peroxide; and a gelling system comprising at least two categories of compounds, said categories of compounds being chosen from silicates, cellulose gelling agents and polysaccharide gums, on the condition that when at least two gelling agents are chosen from aluminium/magnesium silicate, xanthan gum and hydroxypropyl cellulose, the gelling system consists of these two gelling agents, or comprises at least one gelling agent different from these three compounds. The present invention further concerns the use of said composition for manufacturing a pharmaceutical preparation intended to prevent and/or treat dermatological conditions such as acne vulgaris.