Method for the cultivation of primary cells and for the amplification of v\u00ecrus under conditions free of serum. The present invention relates to a method for the cultivation of primary cells.The primary cells are cultured in a serum-free medium that includes a factor selected from group of growth factors and factors of accession.The process for the cultivation of primary cells may be one step in a method for the amplification of viruses, such as the pox virus.According to this method.The primary cells are cultured in a serum-free medium that includes a factor selected from group of growth factors and factors of accession.The cells are then infected with the virus and the infected cells are cultured in a serum-free medium until a viral progeny is produced.