The present invention relates to a method capable of detecting, identifying or counting microorganisms, and a system using the same, and provides a method capable of identifying, detecting or counting microorganisms in a more rapid, accurate and convenient manner than a conventional method for identifying, detecting or counting microorganisms. According to the present invention, it was found that identification, detection or counting of microorganisms can be performed in a rapid, accurate and convenient manner, when a fluorescently labeled microorganism sample is centrifuged and attached to the surface of a slide, followed by analysis of fluorescent images. Therefore, the method and system of the present invention can be useful in various fields requiring detection, identification and counting of microorganisms.