The present invention relates to treatment of diabetes, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) modulators and methods for using the same. Particularly, the present invention provides an isolated peptide from pneumolysin (PLY peptide) which is effective in treatment of diabetes. In addition, the PLY peptide of the present invention is a TLR-4 antagonist and thus can be used in the treatment of a disease or condition associated with TLR-4 activation. The present invention also provides treatment of diabetes with a TLR-4 antagonist.本發明係關於治療糖尿病、類鐸受體第四型(toll-like receptor 4，TLR-4)調節劑及其使用方法。具體而言，本發明提供一種分離自肺炎球菌溶血素的胜肽(PLY peptide)，其能有效治療糖尿病。此外，本發明之PLY胜肽為TLR-4拮抗劑，因此可用於治療與TLR-4活化相關的疾病或病症。本發明亦提供以TLR-4拮抗劑對糖尿病之治療。
