In accordance with an aspect of the invention, a pedicle anchor device (41) is provided. The pedicle anchor device is equipped for being used like a pedicle screw, i.e. for being implanted in the vertebra from dorsal direction (but generally at an angle to the sagittal plane, slightly inward towards the sagittal plane) through the pedicle so that a distal portion of the device protrudes into the vertebral body. The pedicle anchor device comprises a pedicle anchor device body with a head portion, a shaft portion and a longitudinal bore that extends from a proximal end of the pedicle anchor device body and has a hole or a plurality of holes from the longitudinal bore outward, for example radially outward. Further, the pedicle anchor device comprises a liquefiable element that is insertable or inserted in the longitudinal bore and at least partly liquefiable by the impact of energy impinging from the proximal side so that liquefied material (22) flows through the holes in the wall and out of the longitudinal bore into structures of the hard tissue and/or hard tissue replacement material. Thereby, after solidification of the liquefiable (preferably thermoplastic) material, the an anchoring of the positive-fit connection kind is achieved in the hard tissue/hard tissue replacement material.
