Apparatus and methods for measuring force exerted by an object moving in afluid orforce of a moving fluid on a stationary object. Embodiments may be configuredto measurepower exerted by an object moving in a fluid. At least one sensor disposed onthe object outputsat least one sensor signal corresponding to a pressure differential betweenfirst and secondsurfaces of the object. Data derived from one or more sensor signals may beprocessedaccording to a model to output a measure of the force and/or power of theobject moving in thefluid or the force of the moving fluid on the stationary object, as a functionof time.Embodiments may be configured for applications such as providing feedback forcontrol ofactuators in electromechanical systems for liquid or gaseous media, andproviding performancemetrics during water sports, such as swimming and paddling.
