The instant invention relates to seaweed extract compositions, processes for isolation, isolated active agents, and methods of treating disease, disorders and conditions in a subject, including, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated diseases and diseases mediated through the activation of the Nrf2-ARE (antioxidant response element) pathway, including proliferative diseases and disorders, Alzheimers disease, stroke, and certain diseases and disorders of aging and associated with aging and exposure, by use of the extracts, compounds, and compositions thereof.