The present invention provides compositions, pharmaceutical compositions and vaccines for the treatment, amelioration and / or prophylaxis of type II diabetes. The compositions, pharmaceutical compositions and vaccines of the invention comprise a virus-like particle of an RNA bacteriophage and an antigen, wherein said antigen comprises an interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) mutein. When administered to an animal, preferably to a human, said compositions, pharmaceutical compositions, and vaccines induce efficient immune responses, in particular antibody responses, wherein typically and preferably said antibody responses are directed against IL-1β. Thus, the invention provides methods of treating, ameliorating or preventing type II diabetes by way of active immunization against IL-1β.
