The present invention provides compositions pharmaceutical compositions and vaccines for the treatment amelioration and / or prophylaxis of type II diabetes. The compositions pharmaceutical compositions and vaccines of the invention comprise a virus- like particle of an RNA bacteriophage and an antigen wherein said antigen comprises an interleukin-1 beta (IL-1) mutein. When administered to an animal preferably to a human said compositions pharmaceutical compositions and vaccines induce efficient immune responses in particular antibody responses wherein typically and preferably said antibody responses are directed against IL-1. Thus the invention provides methods of treating ameliorating or preventing type II diabetes by way of active immunization against IL-1.
