The present invention relates to immunogenic compositions comprising an immunogenic polypeptide from Haemophilus influenzae or an immunogenic fragment thereof and/or an immunogenic polypeptide from Moraxella catarrhalis or an immunogenic fragment thereof, for use in the treatment or prevention of a recurrence of an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) resulting from a bacterial infection in a subject.