PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a vertical hydroponic cultivation system and a vertical hydroponic cultivation method capable of preventing root rot of a cultivated plant and efficiently cultivating the plant by supplying a small amount of nutrient solution. SOLUTION: A vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 101 hung on a ceiling of a house or standing on a floor surface, a medium 102 that is detachably accommodated in the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 101, and a culture medium from a nutrient solution storage tank 103. A vertical hydroponic cultivation system comprising a nutrient solution supply means 104 for supplying a nutrient solution 107 to 102, wherein the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 101 is for implanting plant seedlings or seeds in at least one direction thereof. One or more vertical slits 111 or a plurality of openings are provided, and the culture medium 102 is composed of a water retention sheet 121 and breathable materials 122 and 123 sandwiching both surfaces thereof, and variations in drop position are caused. A means for surely collecting the nutrient solution 107 on the water retaining sheet 121 is provided even when the resulting nutrient solution supply device is used. [Selection diagram]
