The invention relates to a system (1) for determining the quality of a bone structure (2), comprising: a body adapted for drilling through the bone structure； a first electrode (11) arranged on the body so as to come into contact with the bone structure (2) during drilling； a second electrode (12) arranged on the body so as to come into contact with the bone structure (2) at a distance from the first electrode (11) during drilling； an electric generator (23) adapted to apply an electric current between the first (11) and second (12) electrodes for a pre-determined period of time； a measuring device (24) adapted to measure the electric current, continuously and over the pre-determined period； and a processing device (28) adapted (i) to determine, continuously and over the pre-determined period, an electrical magnitude representative of the aptitude of the bone structure (2) for allowing electric current to pass therethrough and (ii) to deliver, continuously and over the pre-determined period, a signal representative of the quality of the bone structure (2) between the contact surfaces of the first (11) and second (12) electrodes, using the determined electrical magnitude.La invención se relaciona con un sistema (1) para determinar la calidad de una estructura ósea (2) que comprende: un cuerpo adaptado para perforar a través de la estructura ósea； un primer electrodo (11) dispuesto sobre el cuerpo para ponerse en contacto con la estructura ósea (2) durante la perforación； un segundo electrodo (12) dispuesto sobre el cuerpo para ponerse en contacto con la estructura ósea (2) a una distancia desde el primer electrodo (11) durante la perforación； un generador eléctrico (23) adaptado para aplicar una corriente eléctrica entre el primer electrodo (11) y el segundo electrodo (12) por un periodo de tiempo predeterminado； un dispositivo de medición (24) adaptado (i) para medir la corriente eléctrica, continuamente y durante el periodo predeterminado, una magnitud eléctrica re
