Methods are provided for using methotrexate (MTX) in which reduced host toxicity is observed. Aspects of the methods include administering to a subject an effective amount of MTX in conjunction with a MTX toxicity-reducing adjuvant, such as a 2,2&prime；-anhydropyrimidine, a derivative thereof or a uridine phosphorylase inhibitor. Also provided are compositions that find use in practicing embodiments of the invention. The methods and compositions find use in a variety of applications, including the treatment of a variety of different disease conditions.
