The invention relates to a method and a device for high-resolution retinal imaging comprising in particular a source of emission (LSr) of a light beam for illumination of the retina of an eye (10) of a patient, a detection device (12) for detecting spatial frequency patterns of 250 cycles / mm measured in the plane of the retina, an imaging optical system (16) for forming an image of at least a portion of the retina on the detection device (12), a device (15) for measuring the optical defects of the eye and said imaging optical system (16) comprising a defect analysis plane, a device (14) correction device comprising a correction plane and intended to correct in said correction plane the light rays originating from said emission source (LSr) and backscattered by the retina as a function of the optical defects measured by the measuring device (15). According to the invention, said correction and analysis planes are optically conjugated with a predetermined plane (17) of the eye, and the entrance pupil of said imaging optical system has a diameter between a first value Φmin and a second value Φmax, the first value being defined to enable detection by said detection device (12) at an imaging wavelength of retinal structures having a spatial frequency of 250 cycles per millimeter, and the second value being less than 5.75 mm.L'invention concerne une méthode et un dispositif d'imagerie rétinienne à haute résolution comprenant notamment une source d'émission (LSr) d'un faisceau lumineux pour l'illumination de la rétine d'un œil (10) d'un patient, un dispositif (12) de détection apte à détecter des structures de fréquence spatiale de 250 cycles/mm mesurées dans le plan de la rétine, un système optique (16) d'imagerie permettant la formation d'une image d'au moins une partie de la rétine sur le dispositif de détection (12), un dispositif (15) de mesure des défauts optiques de l'œil et dudit système optique (16) d'imagerie comprenant un plan d'analyse des défauts, un disposi
