A topical composition comprises a clay material with a negative surface charge； magnesium ions and calcium ions； water and/or a non-aqueous solvent； and a substantially non-cationic carrier. The mean particle size of the clay material is at least 5 nm, and the total molar amount of magnesium ions is higher than the total molar amount of calcium ions. The composition is suitable for the prophylaxis and treatment of skin diseases, skin conditions, or mucosal diseases.
