NEW MATERIAL:Thermoanarobacter No. 49 (FERM-P No. 7495) having about 5.0 megadaltons molecular weight and a plasmid characterized by a restriction enzyme cleavage map shown in the right figure. USE:Useful for producing plasmids useful as a vector for recombinant DNA experiments using anaerobic thermophiles as a host, having a high biomass conversion efficiency by using the plasmids, and capable of breeding the anaerobic thermophiles producing useful chemicals. PREPARATION:Hot-spring water of the ATAGAWA spa in SHIZUOKA Prefecture is added to a YPG culture medium and cultivated at 70 deg.C for 18hr under anaerobic conditions of gaseous carbon dioxide, and the aimed thermoanaerobacter No. 49 can be obtained from colonies grown in a YPG roll tube containing 50mug/ml erythromycin.