The present disclosure provides compositions including a α4β2 nAChR antagonist, pharmaceutical compositions including a α4β2 nAChR antagonist, methods of making the compositions or pharmaceutical compositions, methods of treatment of a condition (e.g., nicotine addiction) or disease, methods of treatment using compositions or pharmaceutical compositions, and the like. Embodiments of the present disclosure can be used to reduce nicotine cravings and treat nicotine addiction. The compositions have selective affinity for the α4β2 receptor, which appears to be involved in nicotine dependence.
