Removable sliding rod surgical instrument comprising a functional rod (2, 3) that has a guide element (2) and a sliding element (3), slidably supported on the guide element (2), and an element of coupling (17), as well as a beadless rail (22) aligned along the sliding direction of the sliding element (3), which at its proximal end has a mounting hole (22 '), and comprising a profile core (23) with a rail complementary profile (22), a handle (4, 5) having a rear handle piece (4) angled at the end of the guide element (2) as well as a piece with a front handle (5) rotatably supported on the guide element (2), with a drag element (16) configured to drive the coupling element (17), as well as a locking device (15) arranged in the rear handle piece (4), characterized in that the locking device fits, in a blocking position, with a positive joint component (14), in a proximal part (8) of a guide groove (6) arranged in the sliding element (3), being located between a distal part (9) of the guide groove (6) and the proximal part (8) a connection piece (10) made in a complementary manner to the positive connection component (14).Instrumento quirúrgico de varilla deslizante desmontable que comprende una varilla funcional (2, 3) que presenta un elemento de guía (2) y un elemento de corredera (3), apoyado de forma deslizante en el elemento de guía (2), y un elemento de acoplamiento (17), así como un riel destalonado (22) alineado a lo largo de la dirección de deslizamiento del elemento de corredera (3), que por su extremo proximal presenta un orificio de montaje (22'), y que comprende un alma de perfil (23) con un perfil complementario al riel (22), un mango (4, 5) que presenta una pieza de mango posterior (4) dispuesta en ángulo por el extremo del elemento de guía (2) así como una pieza de mango anterior (5) apoyada de forma giratoria en el elemento de guía (2), con un elemento de arrastre (16) configurado para el arrastre del elemento de acoplamiento (17), así como de un dispo
