The present invention concerns the use of D-mannose to prevent or inhibit uniting of sperm and egg/zygote in the conception process, both for specific target animals as well as general animal populations. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract that will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. 37 CFR 1.72(b).