Intravenous administration of HMGB-1 and S100A8 was found to cause recruitment of bone-marrow-derived cells to a skin ulceration site and promote healing of the skin ulceration. Also, bone-marrow-derived cells expressing nerve cell markers were found in the brains of stroke model mice administered HMGB-1 intravenously after stroke inducement. In comparison with controls, mice administered HMGB-1 intravenously exhibited pronounced improvement in terms of stroke lesion contraction. Mice administered HMGB-1 intravenously had a higher post-stroke survival rate. Using mice, the involvement of bone-marrow pluripotent stem cells in the bone-fracture healing process was confirmed, which indicates that bone-marrow-derived cells far from the injury site moved to the bone-fracture area to repair injured tissue.
