The present invention relates to a molecular signature for skin pigment spots, including the TGFBR2, TGFBI, BMP2, SMAD3, THBS2, TGFBR3, SEMA5A, SMAD7, SOSTDC1, FRAS1, LEPREL1, MATN2, DST, PLOD2, ITGA2, COL6A3, CRTAP, LAMC1, LAMB3, LAMA3, ITGAV, ITGB1, and ACTN1 genes, and to various uses of said signature. The invention particularly relates to a method for characterizing a known or suspected pigment spot on a human being, including comparing the levels of expression, in skin samples from said spot and from undamaged adjacent skin, of at least one skin gene that is connected to the extracellular matrix and selected from among the list consisting of the TGFBR2, TGFBI, BMP2, SMAD3, THBS2, TGFBR3, SEMA5A, SMAD7, SOSTDC1, FRAS1, LEPREL1, MATN2, DST, PLOD2, ITGA2, COL6A3, CRTAP, LAMC1, LAMB3, LAMA3, ITGAV, ITGB1, and ACTN1 genes. The invention also relates to methods for assessing the effectiveness of a pigment spot treatment, to cosmetic and therapeutic methods for treating pigment spots, as well as to various modulators of said genes and to the use thereof.La présente invention concerne une signature moléculaire des taches pigmentaires cutanées, comprenant les gènes TGFBR2, TGFBI, BMP2, SMAD3, THBS2, TGFBR3, SEMA5A, SMAD7, SOSTDC1, FRAS1, LEPREL1, MATN2, DST, PLOD2, ITGA2, COL6A3, CRTAP, LAMC1, LAMB3, LAMA3, ITGAV, ITGB1 et ACTN1 et diverses applications de cette signature. L'invention concerne notamment une méthode de caractérisation d'une tache pigmentaire apparente ou soupçonnée chez un être humain, comprenant la comparaison des niveaux d'expression, dans des échantillons de peau issue de ladite tache et de peau adjacente non lésée, d'au moins un gène dermique lié à la matrice extracellulaire, choisi parmi la liste constituée des gènes TGFBR2, TGFBI, BMP2, SMAD3, THBS2, TGFBR3, SEMA5A, SMAD7, SOSTDC1, FRAS1, LEPREL1, MATN2, DST, PLOD2, ITGA2, COL6A3, CRTAP, LAMC1, LAMB3, LAMA3, ITGAV, ITGB1 et ACTN1. L'invention concerne également des méthodes d'évaluation de l'effic