The living body observation system includes light in a first wavelength band that is narrow band light that belongs to a red range in the visible range and light in a second wavelength band that is narrow band light that belongs to a longer wavelength side than the first wavelength band. And a light source unit capable of emitting light in the third wavelength band, which is light on the shorter wavelength side than the first wavelength band, and illumination light including light in the first to third wavelength bands A control unit for performing control, a first image sensor having sensitivity in the first and third wavelength bands, a second image sensor having sensitivity in the second wavelength band, and illumination light. The light of the first and third wavelength bands included in the reflected light from the subject is emitted to the first image sensor side, and the light of the second wavelength band included in the reflected light is emitted to the second image sensor side. A spectroscopic optical system that emits light to生体観察システムは、可視域における赤色域に属する狭帯域光である第１の波長帯域の光と、第１の波長帯域よりも長波長側に属する狭帯域光である第２の波長帯域の光と、第１の波長帯域よりも短波長側に属する光である第３の波長帯域の光と、を出射可能な光源部と、第１～第３の波長帯域の光を含む照明光を出射させるための制御を行う制御部と、第１及び第３の波長帯域に感度を有する第１の撮像素子と、第２の波長帯域に感度を有する第２の撮像素子と、照明光が照射された被写体からの反射光に含まれる第１及び第３の波長帯域の光を第１の撮像素子側へ出射するとともに、反射光に含まれる第２の波長帯域の光を第２の撮像素子側へ出射する分光光学系と、を有する。
