According to one aspect, a system for intraoperatively providing anatomical guidance in a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure is disclosed. In one embodiment, the system includes: a first light source configured to emit a beam of visible light； second light source configured to emit a beam of near-infrared light； a handheld probe optically coupled to the second light source； a second imaging device configured to detect visible light； a third imaging device configured to detect near-infrared light having a first predetermined wavelength； a fourth imaging device configured to detect near-infrared light having a second predetermined wavelength； a display for displaying at least one visual representation of data； and, a controller programmed to generate at least one real-time integrated visual representation of an area of interest and to display the real-time visual representation on the display for guidance during the diagnostic or therapeutic procedure.
