The invention relates to nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds of formula (I): in which: R1 represents hydrogen, —(CH2)m—NH2, —(CH2)m—NH(C1-C6)alk, —(CH2)m—N(C1-C6)alk2, —(CH2)m—NH—C(NH)NH2 or —(CH2)m—NH—CH═NH, m is equal to 1 or 2; R2 and R3 together form a nitrogenous heterocycle of aromatic character with 5 vertices containing 1, 2 or 3 nitrogen atoms, substituted on a nitrogen atom by R4; R4 represents hydrogen, C1-C6)alk or a chain of formula: -(A)n-(NH)o—(CH2)p—(CHR′)qR″ A represents C═O, C═NH or SO2; R′ represents hydrogen or carboxy.