The present invention relates to a composition containing soyasaponin I for promoting differentiation or proliferation of neural stem cells or neural precursor cells. The composition may be usefully used as a composition for culturing cells in order to promote differentiation or proliferation of neural stem cells or neural precursor cells, and may be used to prevent or treat various neurological diseases caused by degenerative brain diseases and nerve damage by promoting differentiation and regeneration of neurons suitable for the transplantation sites.
