A scaffold to form tissue membranes, comprising: at least one layer of mesh having a first side and a second side, the layer of mesh being either a woven wire metal mesh or a flat metal sheet that is acid-etched such that the layer of mesh includes a network of holes passing directly through the mesh from the first side to the second side； and at least one layer of cells at each side of the mesh enclosing the layer of mesh, such that the at least one layer of cells on the first side interacts with the at least one layer of cells on the second side through the network of holes to provide for structure integration.
