Double-stranded ribonucleic acids (dsRNA) of at least 45 bp, preferably of at least 50 bp, which dsRNA include at least one 5′-triphosphate group and further includes at least one chemical modification at a 5′ end, at a 3′ end and/or at a non-terminal nucleotide. The invention further provides pharmaceutical compositions containing such modified dsRNAs, methods for their production, and to their use in medicine, in particular for immunostimulation and treatment as well as prevention of infectious, autoimmune, degenerative, cancer and tumor diseases.
