The present invention discloses and claims novel pharmaceutical compositions, methods, and kits used for the contemporaneous, heterogeneously-orriented, multi-targeted therapeutic modification and/or modulation of cellular metabolic anomalies or other undesirable physiological conditions, including cancer, where the normal cellular biochemical function and/or the expression levels of various proteins/enzymes (i.e., the target molecules) are abnormal and must be modified and/or modulated in order to treat these metabolic anomalies or other undesirable physiological conditions, including cancer. The aforementioned target molecules, by way of non-limiting example, include: anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), mesenchymal epithelial transition (MET) kinase, the receptor tyrosine kinase (ROS1), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), peroxiredoxin (Prx), excision repair cross-complementing protein 1 (ERCC1), insulin growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), tubulin, farnesyltransferase, and various other classes of proteins/enzymes. Additionally, the present invention discloses and claims methods and kits for (a) the selection of subjects for treatment； (b) the determination of the most effective medicinal agent(s) to be administered in combination with the administration of the sulfur-containing, amino acid-specific small molecules of the present invention； (c) the dosage of the medicinal agent(s) to be administered； (d) the determination of the length and/or number of treatment cycles； (e) the adjustment of the specific medicinal agent(s) used and the dosage administered during treatment； and/or (f) ascertaining the potential treatment responsiveness of the specific disease to the medicinal agents (s) selected for administration to a subject suffering from one or more types of: (i) cancer or (ii) metabolic anomalies or other undesirable physiological conditions by quantitatively determining the level of the abnormal biochemical activity and/or abn
