The present invention provides a use of Syzygium aromaticum extract and its compounds for modulating the gene expression level of IL-1β, IL-18, IFNG, TGF-β, IL-8, IL-16, and/or IL-23. The Syzygium aromaticum extract can effectively reduce the gene expression that promotes inflammatory response, and increase the gene expression that inhibits the inflammatory response. The Syzygium aromaticum extracts is prepared by extracting Syzygium aromaticum using water, alcohols, or mixtures of water and alcohols as solvents, and the Syzygium aromaticum extract contains an effective component of isorhamnetin-3-O-glucuronide-6"-methyl ester, kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide-6"-methyl ester, and 3,3',4-Trimethylellagic acid.本發明提供一種丁香萃取物與其化合物用於調控IL-1β基因、IL-18基因、IFNG基因、TGF-β基因、IL-8基因、IL-16基因、及/或IL-23基因表現量的用途，能有效降低會促進發炎反應之相關基因的表現量，並能同時有效提升會抑制發炎反應之相關基因的表現量。其中該丁香萃取物係丁香以水、醇、或醇水混合物之溶劑所萃取而得，且該丁香萃取物含有異鼠李素-3-葡萄糖酸甲酯、山奈酚-3-葡萄糖酸甲酯、及/或3,3',4-三甲基鞣花酸之效性成分。
